A Model for Runoff of Pesticides from Small Upland Watersheds

Bruce, R. R.; Harper, Lisa C.; Leonard, R. A.; Snyder, Willard M.; Thomas, A. W.

doi:10.2134/jeq1975.00472425000400040024x

Cited by 38 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In line with earlier thinking of Bruce et al [1975] and the work of $harpley et al [1978], Leonard et al [1979] adopted an empirical statistical correlation between herbicide concentrations in the 0-to l-cm soil layer and in runoff for practical applications. This approach has been incorporated in a recent version of the U.S. Department of Agriculture chemical and sediment transport model for agricultural management systems [Knisel, 1980].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The depth of rainfall‐runoff‐soil interaction as determined by ³²P

Ahuja¹,

Sharpley²,

Yamamoto³

et al. 1981

Water Resources Research

159

111

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This study dealt with the extent and dynamics of a thin zone of soil that interacts with rainfall and overland flow in releasing soil chemicals to runoff. A relatively immobile tracer, 32P, was applied at 0.0 (soil surface), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 cm depths in duplicate soil boxes of three different soils. Simulated rainfall of 6.5 cm/h was applied to each soil box for two separate 30‐min periods. The degree of interaction decreased very rapidly, more or less exponentially, with depth below the surface. An effective average depth or zone of interaction, within which the degree of interaction equals that of the soil surface, was assumed to exist. The effective average depth calculated from the data ranged between 0.2 and 0.3 cm, depending more upon the period of rainfall than upon the type of soil. These average depths were used, along with values of total desorbable P and the fractions of the 32P applied on the soil surface that appeared in runoff, to predict the P concentrations in runoff, which agreed rather well with the measured values. The assumption of an effective average depth was thus valid for P. Transient changes in the effective average depth of interaction during a rainfall period were calculated by using simultaneous P and 32P concentrations in runoff, where the 32P was applied at the soil surface. The effective average depth increased somewhat with time during a rainfall period, especially during the first 30‐min rain. The 30‐min mean effective average depth of interaction calculated by this method agreed well with that obtained by the first method described above.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The depth of rainfall‐runoff‐soil interaction as determined by ³²P

Ahuja¹,

Sharpley²,

Yamamoto³

et al. 1981

Water Resources Research

159

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A few conceptual models for computing sediment graphs have been reported (Bruce et al, 1975;Renard & Laursen, 1975;Rendon-Herrero, 1978;Williams, 1978) but difficulties arise because the large number of parameters which are usually required are not available in arid regions due to infrequent flow events and inaccessibility. Moreover, none of the models may be used for ungauged basins.…”

Section: Open For Discussion Until 1 April 1993mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling suspended sediment flow in arid upland basins

Sharma

Dhir

Murthy

1992

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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A conceptual basin model of the instantaneous unit sediment graph was developed for sediment graph prediction from arid upland basins by routing mobilized sediments through a series of linear reservoirs. The sediment graphs generated by convolution of the instantaneous unit sediment graph compared reasonably well with the observed ones for four representative arid upland sub-basins in the Luni basin, India. The mobilized sediment during a storm was related to effective precipitation and the parameters of the model were estimated from observed events. The model can be applied to ungauged flow events through parameterization. Mise en modèle du débit de sédiments en suspension dans les bassins de hautes terres aridesRésumé On a mis au point un modèle conceptuel de bassin du diagramme unitaire instantané de transport de sédiments pour la prévision du diagramme de transport de sédiments mis en mouvement par une série de réservoirs linéaires. Le diagramme de débits de sédiments engendré par convolution du diagramme unitaire instante de transport de sédiments est nettement comparable avec ceux qui ont été observés sur quatre sous bassins représentatifs des hautes terres arides du bassin du Luni (Inde). Les sédiments mis en mouvement au cours d'un orage ont été mis en relation avec la précipitation efficace et les paramètres du modèle ont été estimés d'après les événements observés. Le modèle peut être appliqué à des événements crues non jaugés grâce à la paramétrisation.

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“…The earliest works generally assumed that there exists a region at the soil surface in which the surface water, soil water, and infiltrating water mix completely and instantaneously and that there is no solute transfer into that region from the soil below (i.e., convection and diffusion are negligible) (Bruce et al, 1975;Frère et al, 1975;Donigian et al, 1977;Haith, 1980;Steenhuis and Walter, 1980). Based on the mixing-layer theory, several models, including the Agricultural Chemical Transport Model (ACTMO, Frere et al, 1975), Agricultural Runoff Management (ARM, Donigian et al, 1977), and Chemicals, Runoff and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems (CREAMS, Kni.sel, 1980), were developed in the late 20th century to simulate agrochemical transfer from the soil to overland flow.…”

Section: Mixing-layer Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solute Transfer from the Soil Surface to Overland Flow: A Review

Shi

Chen

et al. 2011

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Transfer of agrochemicals from the soil surface to overland flow is a key process governing pollutant transport from soil to surface waters. Simulation models are effective tools for predicting pollutant loads from overland flow to surface water. In this study, we reviewed and summarized experimental observations to assess the factors that affect this transfer process, including: rainfall, topography, soil hydraulic properties, initial water and solute conditions, and management practices. Theoretical frameworks and models for describing the transfer process were also reviewed. The existing models were classified into four categories based on their principles: mixing-layer models, interfacial diffusion-controlled models, interfacial-diffusion and rainfall-dispersion models, and empirical models.The assumptions, parameters, applications, limitations or potential issues, and further improvements for each category ofthe models were discussed. It is recommended that new experimental methods be developed and current theoretical frameworks be further refined by considering the effects of other environmental factors and transport mechanisms on solute transfer from the soil surface to overland flow so that the models can be applied to a wider range of practical field conditions. Abbreviations: EDI, effective depth of interaction; USLE, Universal Soil Loss Equation.

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A Model for Runoff of Pesticides from Small Upland Watersheds

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

The depth of rainfall‐runoff‐soil interaction as determined by ³²P

The depth of rainfall‐runoff‐soil interaction as determined by ³²P

Modelling suspended sediment flow in arid upland basins

Solute Transfer from the Soil Surface to Overland Flow: A Review

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A Model for Runoff of Pesticides from Small Upland Watersheds

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

The depth of rainfall‐runoff‐soil interaction as determined by 32P

The depth of rainfall‐runoff‐soil interaction as determined by 32P

Modelling suspended sediment flow in arid upland basins

Solute Transfer from the Soil Surface to Overland Flow: A Review

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Product

Resources

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The depth of rainfall‐runoff‐soil interaction as determined by ³²P

The depth of rainfall‐runoff‐soil interaction as determined by ³²P