A model for the growth of mariculture kelp Saccharina japonica in Sanggou Bay, China

Zhang, Jihong; Wu, Wenguang; Ren, Jeffrey S.; Fan, Lin

doi:10.3354/aei00171

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This benefits commercial algae species in two ways: It purifies the water, thus increasing water illumination and providing more energy for algal growth, and it prevents phytoplankton from competing with algae for nutrients, which is conducive to the growth and carbon accumulation of cultured algae [ 55 , 56 ]. Through this shellfish–algae interaction, the carbon sink function of the whole integrated culture system is greatly improved, compared with single species cultures [ 57 , 58 ]. Implementation of artificial marine upwelling exchange enhancement project …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Future Potential of Shellfish and Algae Mariculture Carbon Sinks in China

Lai

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Shellfish and algae mariculture make up an important part of the marine fishery carbon sink. Carbon sink research is necessary to ensure China achieves its goal of carbon neutrality. This study used the material quality assessment method to estimate the carbon sink capacity of shellfish and algae. Product value, carbon storage value, and oxygen release value were used to calculate the economic value of shellfish and algae carbon sequestration. The results showed that the annual average shellfish and algae carbon sink in China was 1.10 million tons from 2003 to 2019, of which shellfish accounted for 91.63%, wherein Crassostreagigas, Ruditapesphilippinarum, and Chlamysfarreri were the main contributors. The annual average economic value of China’s shellfish and algae carbon sequestration was USD 71,303.56 million, and the product value was the main contributor, accounting for 99.11%. The carbon sink conversion ratios of shellfish and algae were 8.37% and 5.20%, respectively, thus making shellfish the aquaculture species with the strongest carbon sink capacity and the greatest carbon sink potential. The estimated growth rate in the shellfish and algae removable carbon sink was 33,900 tons/year in China, but this trend was uncertain. The capacity for carbon sequestration and exchange by aquaculture can be improved by expanding breeding space, promoting multi-level comprehensive breeding modes, and marine artificial upwelling projects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Future Potential of Shellfish and Algae Mariculture Carbon Sinks in China

Lai

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…sea surface nitrate, Liu et al 2013) and others that affect the internal state of kelps and their growth (e.g. effective fertilization; Zhang et al 2016b). This is the vital basis to better select suitable sites rapidly and systematically and so to accurately estimate the carrying capacity of a polyculture ecosystem.…”

Section: Site Selection For Phyconomic Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the vital basis to better select suitable sites rapidly and systematically and so to accurately estimate the carrying capacity of a polyculture ecosystem. A recent model simulation showed that fertilizing open seawater (with nitrogen) could improve the growth of S. japonica by as much as 4.49, and that dry weight of each frond could increase by 18% after lifting the culture rope to the surface (Zhang et al 2016b). As more data are available, either from satellite imagery or field surveys, GIS-based model predictions will increasingly inform a range of functions as embedded in various components that can be tailored for optimum site selection for economic and environmental phyconomic activities with cultivated kelps.…”

Section: Site Selection For Phyconomic Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kelp aquaculture in China: a retrospective and future prospects

Shan

Zhang

et al. 2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Globally, China has the largest scale of kelp cultivation and production operations. However, its kelp aquaculture industry is suffering from declining germplasm diversity, degradation of agronomic traits, the presence of polluted environments, changing ocean conditions and increasing anthropological interference. This review covers two of the most commercially important kelp species in China, viz. Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida. It summarizes the history of their cultivation, production, economic and ecological benefits, their breeding programmes (e.g. inter-and intra-specific hybridization and marker-assisted selection) and efforts towards population genetic diversity and conservation. The article focuses on three significant challenges, for example genetic crosscontamination between the wild and farmed kelp populations, ocean warming and ocean acidification. Accordingly, we outline the steps required to provide several intervention measures, for example (i) collection and preservation of wild and cultivated kelp germplasm; (ii) selection of suitable cultivation sites under changing environmental conditions; (iii) developing stress-resistant cultivars; and finally, (iv) adoption of innovative cultivation models. The review concludes with genome-based, designs for molecular breeding and calls for the establishment of an East Asian Kelp Consortium (EAKC). Collectively, the Chinese kelp industry could provide beneficial goods and services, for example bioenergy to fine chemicals and environmental benefits, such as carbon capture, pH amelioration and provision of habitat for many other marine species of commercial value. The strategies proposed in this article thus have the potential to not only improve but also reinvigorate the kelp industry in China and nearby Japan and Korea, in the context of both environmental health and economic benefits.

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“…For example, line cultivation of Undaria pinnatifida in Spain yielded higher biomass at relatively exposed vs. sheltered sites (Peteiro and Freire, 2011). While in the heavily farmed Sanggou Bay, China, kelp farming is concentrated at the mouth of the bay where nutrient delivery is sufficient relative to within the bay (Shi et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Macroalgal Cultivation Modeling System (MACMODS): Evaluating the Role of Physical-Biological Coupling on Nutrients and Farm Yield

et al. 2022

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Offshore aquaculture has the potential to expand the macroalgal industry. However, moving into deeper waters requires suspended structures that will present novel farm-environment interactions. Here, we present a computational modeling framework, the Macroalgal Cultivation Modeling System (MACMODS), to explore within-farm modifications to light, seawater flow, and nutrient fields across time and space scales relevant to macroalgae. A regional ocean model informs the site-specific setting, the Santa Barbara Channel in the Southern California Bight. A fine-scale hydrodynamic model predicts modified flows and turbulent mixing within the farm. A spatially resolved macroalgal growth model, parameterized for giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, predicts kelp biomass. Key findings from model integration are that regional ocean conditions set overall farm performance, while fine-scale within-farm circulation and nutrient delivery are important to resolve variation in within-farm macroalgal performance. Therefore, we conclude that models resolving within-farm dynamics can provide benefit to farmers with insight on how farm design and regional ocean conditions interact to influence overall yield. Here, the presence of repeating longlines aligned with the mean current generate flow diversions around the farm as well as attached Langmuir circulations and increased turbulence intensity. These flow-induced phenomena lead to less biomass in the interior portion of the farm relative to the edges. We also find that there is an effluent “footprint” that extends as much as 20 km beyond the farm. In this regard, MACMODS can be used to not only evaluate farm design and cultivation practices that maximize yield but also explore interactions between the farm and ecosystem in order to minimize impacts.

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A model for the growth of mariculture kelp Saccharina japonica in Sanggou Bay, China

Cited by 36 publications

References 39 publications

Current and Future Potential of Shellfish and Algae Mariculture Carbon Sinks in China

Current and Future Potential of Shellfish and Algae Mariculture Carbon Sinks in China

Kelp aquaculture in China: a retrospective and future prospects

A Macroalgal Cultivation Modeling System (MACMODS): Evaluating the Role of Physical-Biological Coupling on Nutrients and Farm Yield

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