A model for the Holocene extinction of the mammal megafauna in Ecuador

The Ryan/Harley site: Sedimentology of an inundated Paleoindian site in north Florida

“…(Haynes, 1984;Haynes et al, 1999). A number of recent paleontological studies indicate regional differences in the timing of megafaunal extinction, including events that took place in the Holocene (MacPhee et al, 2002;Ficcarelli et al, 2003;Stuart et al, 2004), so it is not surprising to find differences in the climate (Dunbar, in press) and the timing of extinction events between the southeastern and southwestern United States. Unless the Suwannee point toolkit is older than we think, as some have suggested (Stanford, 1991), the preponderance of archaeological evidence indicates that the tool kit (Anderson and Sassaman, 1996;Ellis et al, 1998;Goodyear, 1999) and associated megafaunal remains are Middle Paleoindian (Dunbar et al, in press; Dunbar and Vojnovski, in press).…”

Origin and chronology of Pleistocene marine terraces of Isla de la Plata and of flat, gently dipping surfaces of the southern coast of Cabo San Lorenzo (Manabı̀, Ecuador)

“…With the exception of Ollier (1999, 2000), Pedoja et al (2001Pedoja et al ( , 2003, and Ficcarelli et al (2003), who attempt to locate these landforms in the general pattern of Ecuadorian evolution, recent work (e.g. Bristow and Hoffstetter, 1977;Iriondo, 1994) generally has been limited to reporting cited studies and has not furthered knowledge about the evolutionary history of the area during the last million years.…”

Ñuagapua (Chaco, Bolivia): Evidence for the latest occurrence of megafauna in association with human remains in South America

“…therein). A large debate has taken place regarding why this extinction occurred, with many authors suggesting it was associated with climatic and/or climatically-driven environmental changes (Axelrod, 1967;Graham and Lundelius, 1984;Grayson, 1987Grayson, , 1999Guthrie, 1984Guthrie, , 1990Markgraf, 1985;Ochsenius, 1985;Falguères et al, 1994;Núñez et al, 2001;De Vivo and Carmignotto, 2004), anthropic influence (Martin, 1967(Martin, , 1973(Martin, , 1984(Martin, , 1986Mosimann and Martin, 1975;Diamond, 1989;Alroy, 2001;Johnson, 2002;Burney and Flannery, 2005;Steadman et al, 2005) or the interplay of these factors (Van Der Hammen, 1981;Owen-Smith, 1987;Kelly and Todd, 1988;Haynes, 1991;Nami, 1996;Politis et al, 1995;Politis and Gutiérrez, 1998;Cione et al, 2003;Ficcarelli et al, 2003;Barnosky et al, 2004;Fiedel and Haynes, 2004;Guthrie, 2006;Wroe et al, 2006;Barnosky and Lindsey, 2010). Recently, Firestone et al (2007) suggested the occurrence of a catastrophic extraterrestrial impact that would explain both the origin of the Younger Dryas and the megafaunal extinction.…”

“…Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene human settlements are widespread on the continent, although their number is quite limited (Barnosky and Lindsey, 2010). Some sites have been recognised along the western coast of Chile (Núñez et al, 1994), in the extreme southern part of the continent (Massone, 1996), in the central Andes (Dillehay et al, 1992), in central-northern areas of Argentina (Nami, 1987;Martinez, 1997;Borrero et al, 1998;Long et al, 1998;Politis and Gutiérrez, 1998;Grosjean et al, 2005;Rodriguez, 2005;Yacobaccio and Morales, 2005), in the northwestern (Correal and Van der Hammen, 2003), northeastern (Guérin et al, 1993;Guidon et al, 1994) and central-southern regions of Brazil (Miller, 1987;Schmitz, 1987;Kipnis, 1998;Prous and Fogaça, 1999;Neves et al, 2004;Araujo et al, 2005), in northern Venezuela (Ochsenius and Gruhn, 1979) and along the Ecuadorian coast (Ficcarelli et al, 2003).…”