A Model for the Reduction of Metal Oxides by Carbon Monoxide

Abstract

The reduction of metal oxides by carbon monoxide is a very significant reaction in metallurgical and chemical industries. In current study, a kinetic model describing the reduction reaction of metal oxides by CO has been developed. The model is in the analytic function of parameters such as temperature, radius of the particle, CO content, density of metal oxides and time, which is, therefore, convenient for usage and theoretical analysis. The developed model can be applied to describe the reduction kinetics of metal oxides under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Particularly, it can be used to describe the kinetics of both single reduction reaction (single reaction interface) and dual reduction reactions (double reaction interfaces, such as, the reduction of Fe 2 O 3 to FeO with Fe 3 O 4 being the intermediate product) as well. Application of the developed model to practical systems validated that its predicted values agreed very well with the experimental data in literatures.

Enhanced Catalytic Performance and Tolerance to Carbon Monoxide Poisoning of CoO/PtPd/r‐GO Nanocomposite Thin Film for Methanol Fuel Cells

“…Reduction of iron ores, nickel oxides, manganese ores, etc. are some of the examples of reduction by CO 51–53 As mentioned earlier, the higher j f / j b ratio indicates a higher tolerance of the electrocatalyst.…”

“…Reduction of iron ores, nickel oxides, manganese ores, etc. are some of the examples of reduction by CO 51–53 …”

Pre-reduction Kinetics of WO2.72 in a Fluidized Bed

“…Combined with the reaction degree curve, the relationship between reduction potential, temperature, residence time, and reaction rate is established, respectively, so as to reflect the influence of these factors on the pre-reduction of WO 2.72 to WO 2 . According to ref , for the gas–solid reaction system, the quasi steady-state approximation can be used to describe the concentration distribution of gaseous reactants in particles. Based on the particle model and the characteristics of the WO 2.72 -CO-CO 2 -N 2 reaction system, the following assumptions are made before the kinetic fitting: The external mass transfer resistance can be neglected. The diffusion inside the particles is equimolar countercurrent diffusion, or the concentration of diffusion components is very low. The diffusion coefficient of particles is constant. The pre-reduction reaction of WO 2.72 satisfies the first-order reaction. WO 2.72 is composed of numerous small spherical particles. …”

Review of Titanium Related Inclusions in Casting of Steel

“…In continuous casting the operations of transfer must be deployed, self-open ladles with refractory shrouds which are non-reactive and optimized, protection related to argon gas, sealing to not allow reoxidation, nozzle clogging and the entrapment of slag. [7] In fluid flows in casting operations the very properties of steel making vessels, furnaces, ladles, and casting moulds are heavily affected by fluid flows of the process. Thermodynamics of alloy steel casting imply that especially oxygen content and the metal composition at the initiation are the major factors in metal modification and consumption of high value components.…”