A model for utilizing industrial off-gas to support microalgae cultivation for biodiesel in cold climates

Laamanen, Corey A.; Shang, Helen; Ross, Gregory M.; Scott, John A.

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.047

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For example, photobioreactors are an alternative with lower evaporation rates than production in open ponds, but they are more expensive to operate. Furthermore, photobioreactors can allow production in basins with plentiful water and in cooler climates (if waste heat from industrial processes is used) [72]. Finally, replacing potable with non-potable water sources could, by one estimate, save 90% of freshwater requirements [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoiding Conflicts between Future Freshwater Algae Production and Water Scarcity in the United States at the Energy-Water Nexus

Jager

Efroymson

Baskaran

2019

Water

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Sustainable production of algae will depend on understanding trade-offs at the energy-water nexus. Algal biofuels promise to improve the environmental sustainability profile of renewable energy along most dimensions. In this assessment of potential US freshwater production, we assumed sustainable production along the carbon dimension by simulating placement of open ponds away from high-carbon-stock lands (forest, grassland, and wetland) and near sources of waste CO 2 . Along the water dimension, we quantified trade-offs between water scarcity and production for an ‘upstream’ indicator (measuring minimum water supply) and a ‘downstream’ indicator (measuring impacts on rivers). For the upstream indicator, we developed a visualization tool to evaluate algae production for different thresholds for water surplus. We hypothesized that maintaining a minimum seasonal water surplus would also protect river habitat for aquatic biota. Our study confirmed that ensuring surplus water also reduced the duration of low-flow events, but only above a threshold. We also observed a trade-off between algal production and the duration of low-flow events in streams. These results can help to guide the choice of basin-specific sustainability targets to avoid conflicts with competing water users at this energy-water nexus. Where conflicts emerge, alternative water sources or enclosed photobioreactors may be needed for algae cultivation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoiding Conflicts between Future Freshwater Algae Production and Water Scarcity in the United States at the Energy-Water Nexus

Jager

Efroymson

Baskaran

2019

Water

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“…The need for dewatering in both operating and closed mines presents a promising opportunity for geothermal energy recovery. Mine dewatering usually consists of pumping water from a series of [18,19] Direct spray recovery with heat pump [19] Heat exchangers [21] Ventilation preheating [20] Space heating [21] Potential recovery methodmethod Mine dewatering 1e5 [22] Heat pumps [23] Space heating [23,24] Implemented in industry Electric Arc Furnace cooling water 10e60 [25] Heat exchangers [26] Steam generators [26] Electricity generation [27] Steam [27] Potential recovery method Off-gas 60 [28] Organic Rankine Cycle [29] Electricity generation [29] Implemented in industry Bubbled-in off-gas [30] Microalgae cultivation [30] Slag recovery 9e20 [31,32] Mechanical crushing with heat pump recovery [33] Preheating air of ore dryers [34] Potential recovery method Centrifugal and air blast granulation using fluidized bed recovery [33] Reheating boiler feed water [34] Packed-bed heat exchanger [32] Electricity or steam generation [35] Combustion air preheating [35] Smelter process cooling water 40 [6] Heat pumps [6] Space heating [6] Potential recovery method Steam production [36] wells within the mine to the surface. Dewatering is important, as water levels must be continuously managed to ensure the stability of mine walls and to prevent flooding.…”

Section: Mine Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and repurposing of thermal resources in the mining and mineral processing industry

McLean¹,

Chenier²,

Muinonen³

et al. 2020

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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“…Laamanen et al also demonstrate the potential of using industrial excess heatin their case from a nickel smelter-to maintain year-round cultivation of microalgae at different geographical locations. 128 The problem of excessive ambient temperatures has also been highlighted using a model to predict culture temperature fluctuations and heating and cooling demands for a PBR of different geometries and location. 96,126 They found that for PBRs located in California, culture temperatures would regularly surpass 40°C in summer months; this study predicted that, maintaining temperatures at or below 25 and 30°C would require the removal of 18,000 and 5,500 GJ/ha/y of heat energy, respectively.…”

Section: Opportunities For Heat Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Microalgal Production with Industrial Outputs—Reducing Process Inputs and Quantifying the Benefits

Mayers

Nilsson

Svensson

et al. 2016

Industrial Biotechnology

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The cultivation and processing of microalgal biomass is resource-and energy-intensive, negatively affecting the sustainability and profitability of producing bulk commodities, limiting this platform to the manufacture of relatively small quantities of high-value compounds. A biorefinery approach where all fractions of the biomass are valorized might improve the case for producing lower-value products. However, these systems are still likely to operate very close to thresholds of profitability and energy balance, with wide-ranging environmental and societal impacts. It thus remains critically important to reduce the use of costly and impactful inputs and energy-intensive processes involved in these scenarios. Integration with industrial infrastructure can provide a number of residual streams that can be readily used during microalgal cultivation and downstream processing. This review critically considers some of the main inputs required for microalgal biorefineries-such as nutrients, water, carbon dioxide, and heat-and appraises the benefits and possibilities for industrial integration on a more quantitative basis. Recent literature and demonstration studies will also be considered to best illustrate these benefits to both producers and industrial operators. Additionally, this review will highlight some inconsistencies in the data used in assessments of microalgal production scenarios, allowing more accurate evaluation of potential future biorefineries.

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A model for utilizing industrial off-gas to support microalgae cultivation for biodiesel in cold climates

Cited by 28 publications

References 45 publications

Avoiding Conflicts between Future Freshwater Algae Production and Water Scarcity in the United States at the Energy-Water Nexus

Avoiding Conflicts between Future Freshwater Algae Production and Water Scarcity in the United States at the Energy-Water Nexus

Recovery and repurposing of thermal resources in the mining and mineral processing industry

Integrating Microalgal Production with Industrial Outputs—Reducing Process Inputs and Quantifying the Benefits

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