A Model for Visual Memory Tasks

Sperling, George

doi:10.1177/001872086300500103

Cited by 766 publications

(518 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Sperling, 1960Sperling, , 1963Sperling, Budiansky, Spivak, & Johnson, 1971). It is likely that all the information that could become available would become available during that time, even with a slower information-extraction rate that might accrue from a lower luminance level.…”

Section: Overall Luminance Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picture perception: Effects of luminance on available information and information-extraction rate.

Loftus¹

1985

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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SUMMARYIn each of four experiments, complex visual stimuli--pictures and digit arrays--were remembered better when shown at high luminance than when shown at low luminance. Why does this occur? Two possibilities were considered: first that lowering luminance reduces the amount of available information in the stimulus, and second that lowering luminance reduces the rate at which the information is extracted from the stimulus. Evidence was found for both possibilities. When stimuli were presented at durations short enough to permit only a single eye fixation, luminance affected only the rate at which information is extracted: decreasing luminance by a factor of 100 caused information to be extracted more slowly by a factor that ranged, over experiments, from 1.4 to 2.0. When pictures were presented at durations long enough to permit multiple fixations, however, luminance affected the total amount of extractable information. In a fifth experiment, converging evidence was sought for the proposition that within the first eye fixation on a picture, luminance affects the rate of information extraction. If this proposition is correct and, in addition, the first eye fixation lasts until some criterion amount of information is extracted, then fixation duration should increase with decreasing luminance. This prediction was confirmed.

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Section: Overall Luminance Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picture perception: Effects of luminance on available information and information-extraction rate.

Loftus¹

1985

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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“…Finsternis~ Finternis (46) Thus our data called for a new approach to the problem of serial order in behavior. But first it seemed appropriate to outline the problems with which a model of Spoonerisms is faced.…”

Section: Schreibebrief~scheibebrief (45)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…An oversimplified model for explaining the stress preentry phonemenon. The model consists of three basic components: speech motor units (not shown), word engrams displayed in a buffer system where stressed segments prime the motor units to a greater extent than unstressed segments; and a scanning mechanism of the type assumed in visual systems (SPERLING [46]; see also AARONSON [47], NEISSER [48] and STEINBERG [49]). The scanning mechanism is assumed to sweep over the motor engrams in unidirectional fashion at a volun tarily controlled rate, thereby serially boosting the level of excitation of the motor units to threshold.…”

Section: Prior Entrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spoonerisms: The Structure of Errors in the Serial Order of Speech

MACKAY¹

1984

Speech Errors as Linguistic Evidence

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Abstract-Spoonerisms are defined as involuntary rearrangements of elements in the serial order of speech, as when waste the term is produced as taste the werm. An analysis of 124 Spoonerisms in the natural speech of Germans showed that:1. Identical phonemes usually preceded (or followed) the reversed phonemes. 2. Reversals preceding identical phonemes were as common as reversals following identical phonemes. / 3. Reversed phonemes usually had similar articulatory form, i.e. voicing, nasality, open ness, and syllabic position were usually similar. But the place of articulation of reversed phonemes differed more frequently than would be expected by chance.Without serious revision chain-association theories appeared incapable of explaining these and other aspects of Spoonerisms. An alternative theory of serial order was proposed which had potential application not only to the pronunciation of words, but to the syntax of other forms of behavior and perception as well.

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“…2). People's observations are firstly stored in the sensory memory for a very short period after which a selection of the information is automatically and unconsciously redirected to the working memory [12]. Next, the information is complemented with existing information from the longterm memory which results in the storage of newly formed long-term information (i.e., transfer) and/or directly leads to specific performances (i.e., reflexes) [13].…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Aspects of Structured Process Modeling

Claes

Gailly

Poels

2013

Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing

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Abstract. After visualizing data of various observational experiments on the way in which modelers construct process models, a promising process modeling style (i.e., structured process modeling) was discovered that is expected to cause process model quality to increase. A modeler constructs process models in a structured way if she/he is working on a limited amount of parts of the model simultaneously. This paper describes two cognitive theories that can explain this causal relation. Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) suggests that the amount of errors increases when the limited capacity of our working memory is overloaded. Cognitive Fit Theory (CFT) states that performance is improved when task material representation matches with the task to be executed. Three hypotheses are formulated and the experimental set-up to evaluate these hypotheses is described.

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A Model for Visual Memory Tasks

Cited by 766 publications

References 17 publications

Picture perception: Effects of luminance on available information and information-extraction rate.

Picture perception: Effects of luminance on available information and information-extraction rate.

Spoonerisms: The Structure of Errors in the Serial Order of Speech

Cognitive Aspects of Structured Process Modeling

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