A model for visual shape recognition.

Milner, Peter M.

doi:10.1037/h0037149

Cited by 542 publications

(313 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…From this we conclude that time-varying changes within spatially coherent features produce more salient neural signals (15), although it remains to be learned just what constitutes ''spatial coherence'' for purposes of this task. Our conclusion is consistent with models of binding in which extrinsically activated neural mechanisms resonate to spatio-temporal coherence among local features comprising a global object or event (6,10). It has also been proposed that visual features lacking externally imposed temporal structure can be grouped by virtue of internal generation of synchronized activity (22,23), although that idea is controversial (24, 25).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Yet we perceive objects whose constituent features are, at least metaphorically speaking, bound together coherently. One popular but controversial hypothesis posits as a binding agent temporal synchronization of neural activity among cortical cells registering object features (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). In experiments reported here, we have discovered that synchronized modulations over time in the contrast of separate components of complex images are easier to detect when those components form a meaningful object.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal coherence in perceptual binding

Blake

Yang

1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Component visual features of objects are registered by distributed patterns of activity among neurons comprising multiple pathways and visual areas. How these distributed patterns of activity give rise to unified representations of objects remains unresolved, although one recent, controversial view posits temporal coherence of neural activity as a binding agent. Motivated by the possible role of temporal coherence in feature binding, we devised a novel psychophysical task that requires the detection of temporal coherence among features comprising complex visual images. Results show that human observers can more easily detect synchronized patterns of temporal contrast modulation within hybrid visual images composed of two components when those components are drawn from the same original picture. Evidently, time-varying changes within spatially coherent features produce more salient neural signals.Early vision entails local feature analyses of the retinal image carried out in parallel over the entire visual field. By virtue of the receptive-field properties of the neurons performing this analysis, visual information is registered at multiple spatial scales, ranging from coarse to fine, for different contour orientations (1-3). Moreover, different qualitative aspects of the visual scene engage populations of neurons distributed among numerous, distinct visual areas (4, 5). Yet we perceive objects whose constituent features are, at least metaphorically speaking, bound together coherently. One popular but controversial hypothesis posits as a binding agent temporal synchronization of neural activity among cortical cells registering object features (6-11). In experiments reported here, we have discovered that synchronized modulations over time in the contrast of separate components of complex images are easier to detect when those components form a meaningful object. These findings are compatible with the notion that temporal and spatial coherence are involved in the promotion of perceptual binding.Several recent experiments have tried to assess whether patterns of neural activity coincident in time promote perceptual grouping, by determining whether visual features flickering in temporal synchrony more readily promote figure͞ ground segregation. Results from those experiments, however, have led to contradictory conclusions (12-14). To pursue this question of figural binding from a complementary perspective, we tested for enhanced detectability of temporal synchrony among spatial features that define a visual object. To understand the rationale for our study, imagine a picture composed of two components each selected to activate separate populations of visual neurons. Suppose further that the contrast of each component can be independently varied over time (Fig. 1), with the temporal pattern of contrast modulations of the components being either identical (i.e., synchronized) or uncorrelated (i.e., unsynchronized). Physiological work (16)(17)(18) shows that fluctuations in contrast amplitude over time will evo...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal coherence in perceptual binding

Blake

Yang

1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…It is clear that this type of temporal synchronization (Milner, 1974;von der Malsburg & Schneider, 1986) could not be detected in any single-neuron spike train but only in multi-unit recordings of neurons inside and outside the focus of attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An oscillation-based model for the neuronal basis of attention

1993

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“…One suggestion was ± based on theoretical considerations and ®ndings in intracortical recordings in animals ± that the object is coded in a Hebbian-like neuronal cell assembly which is distributed across different functional visual areas by means of synchronized bursts of action potentials in a frequency range above 20 Hz, i.e. the gamma band (Milner, 1974;Malsburg and Schneider, 1986;Eckhorn et al, 1990;Gray et al, 1990;Singer et al, 1990;Eckhorn et al, 1992;Singer and Gray, 1995). Contrary to the above mentioned VEPs, these synchronized oscillations are neither phase-nor time-locked to stimulus onset.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective visual-spatial attention alters induced gamma band responses in the human EEG

Gruber

Müller

Keil

et al. 1999

Clinical Neurophysiology

315

168

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Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the attentional modulation of gamma band responses in a visual spatial attention task using a 128-channel-EEG-montage.Methods: Colored rectangles were presented on a screen. After 500 ms an arrow indicated whether subjects had to shift their attention to the left or right half of the screen to detect target stimuli. During the task, either the attended half of the screen rotated horizontally while the unattended part remained motionless, or vice versa.Results: When subjects attended the rotating stimulus, we found signi®cantly higher power in a speci®c gamma band from 35±51 Hz on parieto-occipital electrode sites contralateral to the stimulation side. In addition, after the onset of the arrow which indicated what side subjects should direct their attention to, the 35±51 Hz response shifted from a broad posterior distribution to an increase of power at parietooccipital sites contralateral to the to-be-attended side. Furthermore, the rotating stimulus elicited higher gamma band power as compared to the standing stimulus at electrode locations, which may be related to the activity of underlying cortical structures specialized for motion processing.Conclusions: The present results replicate important parts of previous ®ndings of enhanced gamma power when a moving stimulus was attended. q

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A model for visual shape recognition.

Cited by 542 publications

References 16 publications

Spatial and temporal coherence in perceptual binding

Spatial and temporal coherence in perceptual binding

An oscillation-based model for the neuronal basis of attention

Selective visual-spatial attention alters induced gamma band responses in the human EEG

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