A model of fair-weather cumulus convection

Manton, M. J.

doi:10.1007/bf00128058

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…The capability of the boundary layer height and the LCL to predict BLCs has been recognized for a long time [e.g., Mahrt , 1979; Deardorff et al , 1980; Manton , 1982; Stull , 1984]. By assuming the LCL zone and the entrainment zone following a double exponential PDF independently, Wilde et al [1985] was able to develop a scheme to estimate cloud fraction, where the LCL zone is defined as the layer between the highest LCL and the lowest LCL in a certain area and the entrainment zone is defined as the penetration layer near the top of the boundary layer.…”

Section: A New Statistical Cloud Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Parameterization of continental boundary layer clouds

Zhu

Zhao

2008

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Large eddy simulations (LESs) of continental boundary layer clouds (BLCs) observed at the southern Great Plains (SGP) are used to study issues associated with the parameterization of sub-grid BLCs in large scale models. It is found that liquid water potential temperature q l and total specific humidity q t , which are often used as parameterization predictors in statistical cloud schemes, do not share the same probability distribution in the cloud layer with q l skewed to the left (negatively skewed) and q t skewed to the right (positively skewed). The skewness and kurtosis change substantially in time and space when the development of continental BLCs undergoes a distinct diurnal variation. The wide range of skewness and kurtosis of q l and q t can hardly be described by a single probability distribution function. To extend the application of the statistical cloud parameterization approach, this paper proposes an innovative cloud parameterization scheme that uses the boundary layer height and the lifting condensation level as the primary parameterization predictors. The LES results indicate that the probability distribution of these two quantities is relatively stable compared with that of q l and q t during the diurnal variation and nearly follows a Gaussian function. Verifications using LES output and the observations collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility (ARCF) SGP site indicate that the proposed scheme works well to represent continental BLCs.

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Section: A New Statistical Cloud Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Parameterization of continental boundary layer clouds

Zhu

Zhao

2008

J. Geophys. Res.

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Isoprene emissions from vegetation and hydrocarbon emissions from bushfires in tropical Australia

Ayers

Gillett

1988

J Atmos Chem

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Information from a variety of sources, including an airborne held expedition in November 1985, is used to produce estimates of the annual emissions of some hydrocarbons from bushfires, and isoprene from trees, in tropical Australia. For the continent north of 23'S the annual bushfires (biomass burning) input was estimated, in units of Tg carbon, to be 2 TgC (uncertainty range 0.8-5 TgC), emitted predominantly during the May to October dryseason. Isoprene emissions during this period were estimated also to be 2 TgC (uncertainty range OS-8 TgC), but were estimated to be an order of magnitude higher during the November to April wet season, at a level of 23 TgC (uncertainty range 6-100 TgC).The large annual emission of isoprene over the tropical part of the Australian continent yields ppbv levels of isoprene measured at the surface in summertime. Isoprene reactivity with hydroxyl radical is such that at these concentrations isoprene must be a dominant factor in controlling the concentration of OH radical in the convective boundary layer. Simple arguments based on the convective velocity scale suggest that the shape of the isoprene vertical profile in November 1985 would be consistent with available data on the OH-isoprene reaction rate if OH concentration in the boundary layer averaged about 25 x 106 cmw3 over the middle part of the day.

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