A model of perceived parenting, authenticity, contingent self-worth and internalized aggression among college students

McCormick, Wesley H.; Turner, Lisa; Foster, Joshua D.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.050

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In short, psychological control “overpowered” the positive presence of self-esteem, which implies that psychological control may be especially detrimental during emerging adulthood. Our results also showed that higher levels of self-esteem predicted greater levels of life satisfaction and feeling adult, which reverberates previous research and theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000; McCormick et al, 2015) and suggests that as individuals gain confidence in their ability to make independent, responsible decisions, they are more likely to feel more adult (Arnett, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Therefore, self-esteem is a viable mechanism for understanding the relationship between psychological control and adjustment outcomes. With a few notable exceptions (i.e., Leondari & Kisseoglou, 2002; McCormick, Turner, & Foster, 2015; Soenens et al, 2005), the emerging adult literature has not examined the relationship between parental psychological control and self-esteem. These exceptions indicate negative associations between psychological control and self-esteem (Leondari & Kiosseoglou, 2002; Soenens et al, 2005), indicating control remains deleterious to self-esteem in emerging adulthood.…”

Section: The Indirect Effects Of Self-esteemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an effort to contribute to and extend this literature, the current study aims to investigate direct associations between parental psychological control (i.e., maternal and paternal) and self-esteem and to explore self-esteem as a mechanism connecting the influence of parental psychological control on emerging adult's adjustment. This aim is grounded in SDT (Deci & Ryan, 2000) and is supported by research documenting links between parental psychological control and self-esteem and links between self-esteem and risk behaviors and life satisfaction among adolescents and emerging adults (Biro, Striegel-Moore, Franko, Padgett, & Bean, 2006;McCormick et al, 2015). Although the association between self-esteem and feelings about adulthood status has yet to be explored, the theory of emerging adulthood and SDT both suggest these factors are related, as individuals who have confidence in their abilities to make independent decisions and be responsible for themselves are more likely to feel more adult (e.g., Arnett, 2015).…”

Section: The Indirect Effects Of Self-esteemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mind games: Parental psychological control and emerging adults’ adjustment

Faherty

Lowe

Arnett

2019

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

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Although parental psychological control has been consistently linked with negative outcomes in the child and adolescent literature, little is known about how it functions during the developmental time frame of emerging adulthood, which is characterized by increased freedom and instability. Consequently, this study examined the extent to which paternal and maternal psychological controls were directly and indirectly (via self-esteem) related to hallmarks of emerging adult adjustment, notably risky behaviors, life satisfaction, and feelings about adulthood status. Recruited via MTurk, participants were 310 emerging adults ( M age = 25.37; 56% female) across the U.S. who completed an online survey. Results revealed paternal psychological control had a direct effect on risky behaviors and self-esteem, whereas maternal psychological control solely had a direct effect on risky behaviors. Results also indicated indirect effects of paternal psychological control. Increases in paternal psychological control were linked to declines in self-esteem, which in turn was associated with decreased life satisfaction and endorsement of adulthood status. Altogether, findings suggest that even low levels of parental psychological control were linked to detrimental outcomes in an age-representative sample—encompassing the full age range of emerging adulthood from 18 years to 29 years—of emerging adults. Thus, findings contribute to a better understanding of parent–child relationships and the consequences of parental control during the third decade of life, which has important implications for informing parenting strategies across emerging adulthood.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: The Indirect Effects Of Self-esteemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Indirect Effects Of Self-esteemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mind games: Parental psychological control and emerging adults’ adjustment

Faherty

Lowe

Arnett

2019

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

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“…In line with these predictions, Wouters et al (2014) showed that the less adolescents' basic psychological needs were satisfied, the more contingent SE they showed. Thus far, only limited empirical evidence is available to support an association between parenting and SE contingency suggesting that psychological control relates positively to SE contingency (McCormick, Turner, & Foster, 2015;Shirk et al, 2005;Wouters, Doumen et al, 2013;Wouters, Verschueren, Briers, & Janssen, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the Relationship between Parenting and Internalizing Symptoms: The Role of Self-Esteem Level and Contingency

et al. 2018

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Internalizing symptoms, such as depressive and anxiety symptoms are prevalent in adolescence.We examined the mediational role of two self-esteem dimensions, that is, level and contingency, in comprehensive models linking parenting to adolescent internalizing symptoms. Using a cross-sectional design, a large sample of secondary school students (N = 1958; 56.28% female; mean age = 15.31 years) completed questionnaires on maternal responsiveness, psychological control, conditional regard, as well as on their own self-esteem, depressive and anxiety symptoms. Analyses yielded both direct and indirect effects of adolescent-reported parenting on internalizing symptoms. More perceived responsiveness was uniquely associated with higher self-esteem level which, in turn, predicted less depressive and anxiety symptoms. Perceived conditional negative and positive regard and psychological control were uniquely related to self-esteem level (negative relations) and contingency (positive relations) which, in turn, predicted more internalizing symptoms. In general, our study supported the mediational role of self-esteem level and contingency in the link between parenting and internalizing symptoms.Whereas low self-esteem increased adolescents' vulnerability for both depressive and anxiety symptoms, high self-esteem contingency appeared as a unique vulnerability factor for anxiety symptoms.

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“…Children raised by authoritative parents have high self-esteem, high levels of competence, perform well in school and are less likely to abuse drugs (Baumrind, 1991;Lamborn et al, 1991;DeHart et al, 2006). McCormick, Turner, and Foster (2015) also found that children raised by authoritative parents experienced greater feelings of self-worth in college and lead to better overall mental health.…”

Section: Permissivementioning

confidence: 84%

Coaching Styles and the Basic Psychological Need Fulfillment of College Athletes

Byrd¹

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The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent a coach's coaching style is associated with the athlete's basic psychological needs fulfillment of autonomy, competence and relatedness. A survey was distributed to 204 varsity student-athletes at Cal Poly, San LuisObispo representing 13 teams. The data were used to determine the impact of coaching style on the athlete's fulfillment of autonomy, competence and relatedness. An authoritative head coaching style was found to have a positive impact on an athlete's fulfillment of autonomy, competence and relatedness. A similar result was found for assistant coaches. Overall, these findings can help coaches and athletic departments.

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A model of perceived parenting, authenticity, contingent self-worth and internalized aggression among college students

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Mind games: Parental psychological control and emerging adults’ adjustment

Mind games: Parental psychological control and emerging adults’ adjustment

Explaining the Relationship between Parenting and Internalizing Symptoms: The Role of Self-Esteem Level and Contingency

Coaching Styles and the Basic Psychological Need Fulfillment of College Athletes

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