A model of synchronization of motor acts to a stimulus sequence

Abstract

In Part I (Mates 1994), a linear model of timing and error-corrections was constructed that aims at an explanation of the mechanisms underlying a subject's performance in an experimental paradigm, in which the task is to synchronize a sequence of motor acts to a sequence of stimuli. The model consists of two error-corrective mechanisms: (1) corrections of period (inverted frequency) of the sequence of responses; (2) corrections of phase shift of that sequence (synchronization error). In this paper, the influence of the physiologically justifiable model variables and of initial conditions on the steady-state response sequence as well as the stability of performance of the model are analyzed. The model is stable for error-correction gains in the range from 0 to 2. Comparison with known empirical data supports the assumption that reasonable values are less than 1. Furthermore, an alternative to the basic linear model is introduced in which the possible character of the process of subjective acquisition of the synchronization error is discussed. On the basis of findings from other experimental paradigms (fusion and order threshold) it can be assumed that the subjective estimate is a nonlinear function of the difference between the temporal central availability of internal representations of the stimulus and response-feedback events. Some other known synchronization data are simulated by the nonlinear modification of the model in this paper. A good fit of the simulation results achieved further justifies the model structure proposed. Finally, the possible effect of the subjective synchronization-error estimation on empirical data is discussed.

Compatibility of motion facilitates visuomotor synchronization.

“…Pattems of serial depen-dency provide clues about underlying processes in timing and are a key component that modelers of sensorimotor synchronization try to capture (e.g., Hary & Moore, 1985;Mates, 1994;Vorberg & Wing, 1996). Pattems of serial depen-dency provide clues about underlying processes in timing and are a key component that modelers of sensorimotor synchronization try to capture (e.g., Hary & Moore, 1985;Mates, 1994;Vorberg & Wing, 1996).…”

Synchronization, Anticipation, and Consistency in Motor Timing of Children with Dimensionally Defined Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Behaviour

“…The accuracy of synchronization depends on the sensory system (ability to perceive asynchrony), the motor system (ability to correct the perceived asyn-chrony), and the accuracy of the corresponding time-keeping mechanism in a sequence of responses (Mates, 1994). The accuracy of synchronization depends on the sensory system (ability to perceive asynchrony), the motor system (ability to correct the perceived asyn-chrony), and the accuracy of the corresponding time-keeping mechanism in a sequence of responses (Mates, 1994).…”

Multisensory cues improve sensorimotor synchronisation

“…Maintaining synchrony with a periodic event requires that the central nervous system (CNS) compensate for timing variation arising from sensory, decision and motor processing noise. In particular, keeping in time with a pacing source (metronome) requires continual corrections based on the timing error (asynchrony) between the metronome and our actions (Hary & Moore, 1987; Mates, 1994a,b; Vorberg & Wing, 1996; Pressing, 1998; Vorberg & Schulze, 2002). This process is described by linear phase correction and accounts for the time series statistics of human synchronisation performance (Vorberg & Wing, 1996; Vorberg & Schulze, 2002).…”