A Model of the Manufacturing Process of Thermoplastic Matrix Composites

Lee, Woo Il; Springer, George Ś.

doi:10.1177/002199838702101103

Cited by 265 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This suggests, therefore, that impregnation probably occurs radially into fiber bundles after the interbundle spaces are filled. 21 Micrographs of polished cross section were used to determine the intrabundle fiber volume fraction (V f,micro ). 22 For this purpose, a mass balance was used to calculate the weight fraction (W bundle ) of a bundle of known length (L bundle ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of the microscale impregnation in commingled thermoplastic composite yarns

2010

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ABSTRACT:The impregnation of a glass woven fabric with an amorphous polyethylene terephthalate copolymer (PET-g) matrix was investigated using a finite element (FE) model for interbundle and intrabundle flow of the matrix. Micrographs of samples obtained by film stacking of PET-g to impregnate the glass fabric have confirmed the occurrence of interbundle and intrabundle flow, taking place as separate steps. On the basis of this evidence, two different mechanisms for the fiber impregnation were postulated. The first flow process is associated with a macroscale interbundle impregnation, whereas the second is associated with microscale intrabundle impregnation. Two different FE models were developed to simulate the microscopic and macroscopic flow of the matrix, considering a large number of different random fiber arrangements. Both models could account for the non-Newtonian rheological behavior of the thermoplastic matrix. The microscale impregnation of fibers was simulated by using randomly spaced and nonoverlapping unidirectional filaments. The effect of the number of filaments and the number of random distributions necessary to achieve an adequate accuracy of the method was assessed. The results obtained from the simulation showed that at low pressures, the polymer melt exhibits Newtonian behavior, which makes it possible to predict the tow permeability by the Darcy law. A more difficult situation arises at high pressures because of the Correspondence to: A. Maffezzoli;

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of the microscale impregnation in commingled thermoplastic composite yarns

2010

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“…A mathematical model for the intimate contact evolution was developed by Dara and Loos (1985), who described the surface roughness as a set of non-uniform rectangles. A simplified model using rectangles of identical size was later introduced by Lee and Springer (1987), and integrated with a healing models by Butler et al (1998). Yang and Pitchumani (2001) developed a model were the surface roughness can be described in more detail using a fractal cantor set.…”

Section: Intimate Contact Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yang and Pitchumani (2001) developed a model were the surface roughness can be described in more detail using a fractal cantor set. In general, these models show that the time required to achieve full intimate contact t ic is proportional to the viscosity η o and inversely proportional to the applied pressure P (Lee and Springer, 1987):…”

Section: Intimate Contact Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, in some studies the healing model for amorphous polymers was directly applied for semi-crystalline polymers without considering the effect of the crystalline structure above the glass transition temperature (Ageorges et al, 1998;Levy et al, 2014). Lee and Springer (1987), Yang and Pitchumani (2002), and Tierney and Gillespie (2006) assumed that healing of semi-crystalline polymers can only occur above the melting temperature, i.e., the melting temperature was used as 'onset temperature' for healing. More recently, Stokes-Griffin and Compston (2016) used the melting temperature as the onset but allowed healing to continue until the glass transition temperature during cooling.…”

Section: Non-isothermal Healing Of Semi-crystalline Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Thermoplastic Composite Overmolding Process: Interface Strength

Akkerman

Bouwman²,

Wijskamp³

2020

Front. Mater.

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“…For the manufacture of CCFRP parts, pressure is essential. Lee et al presented a model in the manufacturing process of semicrystal line thermoplastic matrix composites and studied the effect of pressure on the bonding of two adjacent layers of composites [34]. Wool et al presented a theory of crack healing in polymers and how the surface rearrangement stage affects the diffusion initiation function and topological features of the interface [35].…”

Section: Overview Of Studies On Printing Of Reinforced Filamentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of 3D-Printed Continuous-Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastics with Pressure

et al. 2020

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Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) has been investigated as a low-cost manufacturing method for fiber-reinforced composites. The traditional and mature technology for manufacturing continuous-carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics is Automated Fiber Placement (AFP), which uses a consolidation roller and an autoclave process to improve the quality of parts. Compared to AFP, FDM is simple in design and operation but lacks the ability to pressurize and heat the model. In this work, a novel method for printing continuous carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics with a pressure roller was investigated. First, the path processing of the pressure roller was researched, which will reduce the number of rotations of the pressure roller and increase the service life of the equipment and the efficiency of printing. Thereafter, three specimens were printed under different pressures and the tensile and bending strength of specimens were tested. The tensile strength and bending strength of specimens were enhanced to 644.8 MPa and 401.24 MPa by increasing the pressure, compared to the tensile strength and bending strength of specimens without pressure of 109.9 MPa and 163.13 MPa. However, excessive pressure will destroy the path of the continuous carbon fiber (CCF) and the surface quality of the model, and may even lead to printing failure.

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A Model of the Manufacturing Process of Thermoplastic Matrix Composites

Cited by 265 publications

References 12 publications

Numerical simulation of the microscale impregnation in commingled thermoplastic composite yarns

Numerical simulation of the microscale impregnation in commingled thermoplastic composite yarns

Analysis of the Thermoplastic Composite Overmolding Process: Interface Strength

Performance of 3D-Printed Continuous-Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastics with Pressure

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