A model of the production effect over the short-term: The cost of relative distinctiveness

Saint‐Aubin, Jean; Yearsley, James M.; Poirier, Marie; Cyr, Véronique; Guitard, Dominic

doi:10.1016/j.jml.2021.104219

Cited by 37 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(174 reference statements)

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“…Recently, Saint-Aubin et al (2021) investigated the production effect in short-term memory (STM) and their results nicely extended those observed with LTM tasks. When mean recall performance for produced versus silently read words was examined, the pattern typical of PRODUCTION EFFECT AND SERIAL POSITIONS 4 LTM was found: Mixed lists produced a clear advantage for produced items whereas pure lists saw this production effect significantly reduced or eliminated.…”

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confidence: 77%

“…As shown in the left panel of Figure 1, there was a crossover interaction whereby PRODUCTION EFFECT AND SERIAL POSITIONS 6 silently read items were better recalled than produced ones for the first positions, but the reverse was true for the last positions (see also Grenfell-Essam, Ward, & Tan, 2017;Macken et al, 2016). Saint-Aubin et al (2021) noted that the production advantage for the recency positions was very similar to the well-established modality effect, where the last item or last few items studied are better recalled when words are presented aurally, relative to visually (i.e., silently read; see Penney (1989), for a review). Given that production generates an auditory signal, one could expect a modality effect when produced items are compared to silently read ones.…”

Section: Saint-aubin Et Al (2021): the Cost Of Relative Distinctivenessmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…To explain the results obtained for both pure and mixed lists, Saint-Aubin et al (2021) put forward an interpretation based on relative distinctiveness and on the cost of the richer encoding associated with reading words aloud. They suggested that once rehearsal was better equated, the increased item-specific encoding offered by production led to better recall across all positions.…”

Section: Saint-aubin Et Al (2021): the Cost Of Relative Distinctivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serial positions have not been a focus of production effect research calling upon LTM paradigms. As a consequence, it was not possible to determine whether position-dependent effects like those reported by Saint-Aubin et al (2021) would be observed with recall from LTM. Also, many would resist the suggestion that similar mechanisms can account for the production effect under STM and LTM conditions, considering the widespread view that the two systems are separable and differ in important ways (see, e.g., Norris, 2017Norris, , 2019.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…We will return to this in more detail later in the introduction. Here we note that Saint-Aubin et al (2021) accounted for their results by calling upon a few simple mechanisms: They tested their proposals experimentally and using a revised version of the Feature Model, a model of short-term recall effects in which relative distinctiveness is central (Nairne, 1988(Nairne, , 1990Neath, 1999;Neath & Nairne, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The production effect over the long term: Modeling distinctiveness using serial positions.

Cyr¹,

Poirier²,

Yearsley³

et al. 2022

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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The production effect is a well-established finding: If some words within a list are read aloud, that is, produced, they are better remembered than their silently read neighbors. The effect has been extensively studied with long-term memory (LTM) tasks. Recently, using immediate serial recall and short-term order reconstruction, Saint-Aubin et al. (2021) reported informative interactions between the production effect and serial positions. Here, we asked whether these interactions would also be observed with the LTM tasks used in the field. In Experiment 1, pure and mixed lists of 8 words were presented in both order reconstruction and free recall tasks, with a 30-second filled retention interval. In Experiment 2, the list length was extended to 24 words; in Experiment 3, 10-word lists were used with a 2-minute retention interval. Results from all experiments aligned well with those observed in short-term memory. With mixed lists, where produced and silently read words alternated, produced items were better recalled, leading to sawtooth serial position curves. With pure lists, produced items were better recalled when studied in the last serial positions, but they were less well recalled for the primacy positions.Results were readily accounted for by the Revised Feature Model, originally developed to explain short-term memory performance. The findings and model suggest that produced items are encoded with more item-specific, modality-related features, that this generates a relative distinctiveness advantage in short-and long-term memory. However, the richer encoding comes at a cost: it appears to disrupt rehearsal.

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confidence: 77%

Section: Saint-aubin Et Al (2021): the Cost Of Relative Distinctivenessmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Saint-aubin Et Al (2021): the Cost Of Relative Distinctivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The production effect over the long term: Modeling distinctiveness using serial positions.

Cyr¹,

Poirier²,

Yearsley³

et al. 2022

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Similarity-Based Compression in Working Memory: Implications for Decay and Refreshing Models

2023

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The ability to compress information is a fundamental cognitive function. It allows working memory (WM) to overcome its severely limited capacity. Recent evidence suggests that the similarity between items can be used to compress information, leading to a rich pattern of behavioral results. This work presents a series of simulations showing that this rich pattern of WM performance is captured using the principles of TBRS*, a decay and refreshing architecture. By assuming that similar items are compressed, the architecture can explain the beneficial effect of similarity on the items themselves. The architecture also explains the fact that when similar items are mixed with dissimilar items, this provides a proactive—but no retroactive—benefit on WM performance. In addition, the model captures fine-grained patterns of transposition errors recently reported. Several analyses are reported showing the robustness of the model’s predictions. We reached the conclusion that decay and refreshing theories provide a plausible explanation for compression effects in WM. These conclusions are discussed in light of recent experimental results. The importance of computational modeling for testing theories is emphasized.

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Verbal working memory encodes phonological and semantic information differently

et al. 2023

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A model of the production effect over the short-term: The cost of relative distinctiveness

Cited by 37 publications

References 81 publications

The production effect over the long term: Modeling distinctiveness using serial positions.

The production effect over the long term: Modeling distinctiveness using serial positions.

Similarity-Based Compression in Working Memory: Implications for Decay and Refreshing Models

Verbal working memory encodes phonological and semantic information differently

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