“…27,28 Recently, this same group has developed a theoretical method for predicting velocity and APSD boundary conditions for mixtures of ethanol and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA-134a), as illustrated in Figure 1. 38 The method is based on work by Fletcher 39 and Clark, 40 where the behavior of constituents in the metering and expansion chambers, as shown in Figure 1a, is modeled using a homogeneous frozen flow model that does not permit evaporation in these regions but rather allows isentropic expansion. 38,41 Upon exit from the spray orifice, atomization is predicted using the model developed by Gavtash et al 42 as displayed in Figure 1b, where the initial output is treated as a flat sheet using the linear instability sheet analysis framework as developed by Senecal et al, 43 which predicts growth of the wave-induced stabilities that are responsible for droplet breakup.…”