A model of ventilation of the healthy human lung

Steimle, Kristoffer Lindegaard; Mogensen, Mads Lause; Karbing, Dan Stieper; Serna, Jorge Bernardino de la; Andreassen, Steen

doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2010.06.017

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, it is remarked that 1) most of the methods for measuring regional ventilation have found that ventilation distribution cannot be accounted for by gravity alone since a large heterogeneity of ventilation within isogravitational planes was observed [22], and 2) the effect of gravity on heterogeneity of respiratory mechanics and gas transport can be seen as incorporated in the different mechanical properties of the lung zones.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Functional Mathematical Model to Simulate the Single-Breath Nitrogen Washout

Barbini¹,

Brighenti²,

Gnudi³

2013

TOBEJ

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A nonlinear dynamic model is proposed to reproduce and interpret the influence of pulmonary inhomogeneities on the single-breath nitrogen washout (SBNW) curve. The model is characterized by two parallel zones. In each zone, the upper airways are described by a Rohrer resistor. Intermediate airways are represented as a collapsible segment, the volume of which depends on transmural pressure. Smaller airways are described by a resistance which increases when transpulmonary pressure decreases. The respiratory region is modeled as a Voigt element. Three different conditions were simulated: a reference case, characterized by airway-parameter values for normal conditions, and two pathological states corresponding to different levels of disease. In the reference case, a straight line was a good approximation of SBNW phase III and the last point of departure of the nitrogen trace from this line unambiguously identified the onset of phase IV. The slope of phase III rose with disease severity (from a 1.1% increase in nitrogen concentration per 1000 ml of expired volume in the reference case to 3.6% and 7.7% in the pathological cases) and the distinction between phases III and IV became less evident. The results obtained indicate that the slope of phase III depends primarily on nitrogen-concentration differences between lung zones, as determined by different mechanical properties of the respiratory airways. In spite of the simplified representation of the lungs, the similarity of the simulation results to actual data suggests that the proposed model describes important physiological mechanisms underlying changes observed during SBNW in normal and pathological patients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Functional Mathematical Model to Simulate the Single-Breath Nitrogen Washout

Barbini¹,

Brighenti²,

Gnudi³

2013

TOBEJ

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“…According to an earlier notion—now outdated—the maximum safe depth limit is determined by the ratio between the total lung capacity (TLC) and the residual volume (RV) with a TLC of 6 L and a RV of 1.2 L, yields a ratio of 5, which in turn implies a maximum safe depth of only 40 m (=5 bar). At greater depths, intrathoracic pressure would become smaller than ambient pressure, resulting in pulmonary edema and hemorrhage, and alveolar collapse . Nevertheless, depending on the discipline, records with depths >100 m are not uncommon today…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At greater depths, intrathoracic pressure would become smaller than ambient pressure, resulting in pulmonary edema and hemorrhage, 4,5 and alveolar collapse. 6,7 Nevertheless, depending on the discipline, records with depths >100 m are not uncommon today. 8 To reach greater depths, various breathing maneuvers are employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glossopharyngeal insufflation and kissing papillary muscles

Schipke

Eichhorn

Behm

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…The overall ventilation/perfusion ratio in a normal lung is regarded as 0.8, which is called the ventilation-perfusion balance or matching. However, this ratio is inhomogeneous among different lung locations and is usually regarded as dependent on gravity and the position of a lung relative to the heart [30]. In 1917, the ventilationperfusion mismatch was first reported to lead to varying gas exchange efficiencies [31].…”

Section: Models Involving Gas Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in theoretical models of respiratory mechanics

Huo

2012

Acta Mech Sin

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As an important branch of biomedical engineering, respiratory mechanics helps to understand the physiology of the respiratory system and provides fundamental data for developing such clinical technologies as ventilators. To solve different clinical problems, researchers have developed numerous models at various scales that describe biological and mechanical properties of the respiratory system. During the past decade, benefiting from the continuous accumulation of clinical data and the dramatic progress of biomedical technologies (e.g. biomedical imaging), the theoretical modeling of respiratory mechanics has made remarkable progress regarding the macroscopic properties of the respiratory process, complexities of the respiratory system, gas exchange within the lungs, and the coupling interaction between lung and heart. The present paper reviews the advances in the above fields and proposes potential future projects.

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A model of ventilation of the healthy human lung

Cited by 37 publications

References 40 publications

A Functional Mathematical Model to Simulate the Single-Breath Nitrogen Washout

A Functional Mathematical Model to Simulate the Single-Breath Nitrogen Washout

Glossopharyngeal insufflation and kissing papillary muscles

Recent advances in theoretical models of respiratory mechanics

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