A Modeling Investigation of Suppressant Distribution from a Prototype Solid-Propellant Gas-Generator Suppression System into a Simulated Aircraft Cargo Bay

Yoon, Sam S.; Kim, Ho Y.; Hewson, John C.; Suo-Anttila, Jill M.; Glaze, D. J.; DesJardin, Paul E.

doi:10.1080/07373930701396410

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Solid propellant gas generators (SPGGs) are an emerging technology in the field of Halon alternative research, which has potential applications for fire suppression in dry bays and nacelles [1,2]. Fire suppression agents can be expelled under the reaction of solid propellant, including 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, pentafluoroethane, or potassium carbonate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nano-Nickel Oxide on Thermokinetics, Thermal Safety, and Gas-Generating Characteristics of 5-Aminotetrazole Thermal Degradation

Zhang

Xie

2023

Fire

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5-aminotetrazole (5AT) has been widely used as a fuel in SPGGs for its high nitrogen content, heat resistance, and environmentally friendly product. However, 5AT-based propellants still have disadvantages, such as a high exhaust temperature and unstable combustion rate, which somewhat limit their application. Given that transition metal oxides are typically employed in small quantities to enhance the performance of solid propellants, this study selected nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles as a catalyst and employed them in conjunction with 5AT via mechanical ball milling to investigate their impact on the pyrolysis behavior of 5AT. It was found that the nanoscale NiO particles can significantly reduce the thermal degradation temperature of 5AT according to TG-DSC tests. The calculation of the energy required to initiate the pyrolysis of 5AT using three kinetic methods, namely Friedman (FR), Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), indicated that the use of NiO nanoparticles can reduce the energy required by more than 46 kJ mol−1, thereby increasing the likelihood of 5AT pyrolysis. Meanwhile, the reduced thermal safety parameters indicated that NiO makes 5AT more susceptible to thermal decomposition due to thermal explosion transition, so more care is needed for the storage of 5AT. Moreover, the TG-FTIR test was conducted to study the pyrolysis mechanism with or without NiO; the results showed that NiO exerts different catalytic effects on the gas products. The results from this study can offer direction and recommendations for future research on solid propellants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nano-Nickel Oxide on Thermokinetics, Thermal Safety, and Gas-Generating Characteristics of 5-Aminotetrazole Thermal Degradation

Zhang

Xie

2023

Fire

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“…Several modelling activities have been performed for halon replacement technology with water mist, inert gases, and solid-propellant gas-generator suppression systems [2][3][4][5]. These models include CFD simulations and single or two-zone models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a Simulation Tool for an Environmentally Friendly Aircraft Cargo Fire Protection System

Pathak¹,

Norrefeldt²,

Pschirer³

2021

Aerospace

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One of the objectives of the CleanSky-2 project is to develop an Environmentally Friendly Fire Protection (EFFP) system to substitute halon for the aircraft cargo hold. For this, an aircraft demonstrator including the cargo hold was equipped with a nitrogen-based fire suppression system. The demonstrator is located in the Flight Test Facility (FTF) low-pressure vessel and can thus be subjected to realistic cruise pressure conditions and take-off and descent pressure profiles. As a design tool, a zonally refined simulation model to predict the local oxygen and nitrogen concentration distribution in the cargo hold has been developed using the Indoor Environment Simulation Suite (IESS). The model allows for fast transient simulations of the suppression system operation. This paper presents a model validation case of knockdown during cruising, followed by a holding phase and descent.

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Preparation of hydrophobic and oleophobic fine sodium bicarbonate by gel-sol-gel method and enhanced fire extinguishing performance

Zhao¹,

Fu²,

Yin³

et al. 2020

Materials & Design

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A Modeling Investigation of Suppressant Distribution from a Prototype Solid-Propellant Gas-Generator Suppression System into a Simulated Aircraft Cargo Bay

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of Nano-Nickel Oxide on Thermokinetics, Thermal Safety, and Gas-Generating Characteristics of 5-Aminotetrazole Thermal Degradation

Effects of Nano-Nickel Oxide on Thermokinetics, Thermal Safety, and Gas-Generating Characteristics of 5-Aminotetrazole Thermal Degradation

Validation of a Simulation Tool for an Environmentally Friendly Aircraft Cargo Fire Protection System

Preparation of hydrophobic and oleophobic fine sodium bicarbonate by gel-sol-gel method and enhanced fire extinguishing performance

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