A modelling study of the impact on air quality and health due to the emissions from E85 and petrol fuelled cars in Sweden

Fridell, Erik; Haeger‐Eugensson, Marie; Moldanová, Jana; Forsberg, Bertil; Sjöberg, Karin

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.002

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…16,50 While this is certainly of concern, recent studies show that in Sweden, an E85 vs. gasoline scenario leads to 1.6 less preterm deaths per year for the E85 scenario. 51 The socioeconomic costs from acetaldehyde emission caused due to the use of E85 (in ICE vehicles) for the Oslo area (Norway) were evaluated in economic terms, by taking into account the health and environmental effects. 52 While the use of E85 increased the cancer rate (as compared to gasoline), the overall socio-economic costs are reduced due to lower CO 2 and NO x emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…52 The use of bio-ethanol in ICE vehicles just as a transition scenario would not only result in lower GHG emissions but may also reduce health hazards. 51,52 The health effects of bio-ethanol when used in fuel cell based applications need to be further explored; it can be anticipated from the fuel cell process however, that all the contaminants present with ICE vehicles would be lower by orders of magnitude in bio-ethanol based FCEVs. The ultimate goal of using bio-ethanol (based on organic waste) in a fuel cell would result in considerably lower GHG emissions compared to H 2 (from NG) based fuel cells for many decades to come.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Well to wheel analysis of low carbon alternatives for road traffic

Ramachandran¹,

Stimming

2015

Energy Environ. Sci.

115

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Well to wheel analysis of low carbon alternatives for road traffic

Ramachandran¹,

Stimming

2015

Energy Environ. Sci.

115

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“…TAPM has been successfully applied to investigate urban air quality and scenarios in coastal urban areas all over the world (e.g. Matthaios et al, 2018, Gallego et al, 2016, Fridell et al, 2014.TAPM consists of a meteorological component and an air quality component. The meteorological component of TAPM is an incompressible, non-hydrostatic, primitive equation model with a terrain-following vertical sigma coordinate system for 3-D simulations.…”

Section: Global-to Urban-scale Ctm System Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part II: Scenarios for 2040

Ramacher¹,

Tang²,

Moldanová³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Shipping is an important source of air pollutants, from the global to the local scale. Ships are emitting substantial amounts of sulphur dioxides, nitrogen dioxides and particulate matter in the vicinity of coasts, threatening the health of the coastal population, especially in harbour cities. Reductions of emissions due to shipping have been targeted by several regulations. Nevertheless, effects of these regulations come into force with temporal delays, global ship traffic is expected to grow in the future, and other land-based anthropogenic emissions might decrease. Thus, it is necessary to investigate combined impacts to identify the impact of shipping activities on air quality, population exposure and health-effects in the future. We investigated the future effect of shipping emissions on air quality and related health effects considering different scenarios of the development of shipping under current regional trends of economic growth and already decided regulations in the Gothenburg urban area in 2040. Additionally, we investigated the impact of a large-scale implementation of shore electricity in the port of Gothenburg. For this purpose, we established a one-way nested chemistry transport modelling (CTM) system from the global to the urban scale, to calculate pollutant concentrations, population weighted concentrations and health-effects related to NO2, PM2.5 and O3. The simulated concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5 in future scenarios for the year 2040 are in general very low with up to 4 ppb for NO2 and up to 3.5 µg/m3 PM2.5 in the urban areas which are not close to the port area. From 2012 the simulated overall exposure to PM2.5 decreased by approximately 30 % in simulated future scenarios, for NO2 the decrease was over 60 %. The simulated concentrations of O3 increased from year 2012 to 2040 by about 20 %. In general, the contributions of local shipping emissions in 2040 focus on the harbour area but to some extent also influence the rest of the city domain. The simulated impact of wide use of shore-site electricity for shipping in 2040 shows reductions for NO2 in the port with up to 30 %, while increasing O3 of up to 3 %. Implementation of on-shore electricity for ships at berth leads to additional local reduction potentials of up to 3 % for PM2.5 and 12 % for SO2 in the port area. All future scenarios show substantial decreases in population weighted exposure and health-effect impacts.

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“…CMAQ simulations with and without ship emissions in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea included were used in TAPM simulation runs. Since the TAPM allows just 1-d boundary concentration fields with hourly time resolution, the TAPM boundary concentrations were calculated using the horizontal wind components on each of the four lateral boundaries for weighting the upwind boundary concentrations around the TAPM model domain (Fridell et al, 2014). The city-scale model set-up are summarised in Table 1.…”

Section: Model Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part I: 2012 emissions

Tang¹,

Ramacher²,

Moldanová³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Ship emissions in and around ports are of interest for urban air quality management in many harbour cities. We investigated the impact of regional and local ship emissions on urban air quality for 2012-year conditions in the city of 25 Gothenburg, Sweden, the largest cargo port in Scandinavia. In order to assess the effects of ship emissions, a coupled regional and local-scale model system has been set up, using ship emissions in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, as well as in and around the port of Gothenburg. Ship emissions are calculated with the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) model taking into account individual vessel characteristics and vessel activity data. The calculated contributions from local and regional shipping to local air pollution in Gothenburg were found substantial, especially in areas around the city ports. The 30 local shipping contribution of NO2 to annual mean concentrations was up to 3.3 ppb, together with contribution from regional shipping at the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, the contribution was up to 4.3 ppb. In an area close to the city terminals, the contribution of NO2 from local shipping was higher than that of the road traffic, which indicates importance of controlling the local shipping emissions. The local shipping emissions of NOx decreased the summer mean O3 levels in the city by 0.5 ppb on annual mean. The regional shipping lead to a slight increase in the O3 concentrations, however, the overall effect of the regional 35 and the local shipping together was a small decrease of the summer mean O3 concentrations in the city. For PM2.5, the local ship emissions contributed with 0.1 µg m -3 to the annual mean concentrations on the city-domain average, regional shipping was under 2012 conditions a larger contributor to the local PM2.5 than the local shipping, with an annual mean contribution of 0.5 µg m -3 on the city-domain average. 40Based on the modelled local and regional shipping contributions, the health effects of PM2.5, NO2 and ozone were assessed using the ALPHA-RiskPoll (ARP) model. An effect of the shipping-associated PM2.5 exposure in the modelled area was a mean loss of the life expectancy by 0.015 years per person. The relative contribution of the local shipping to the impact of total PM2.5 was 2.2 % which can be compared to 5.3 % contribution from the local road traffic. The relative contribution of the regional shipping was 10.3 %. The mortalities due to the exposure to NO2 associated to shipping were calculated to be 2.6 45 premature deaths/year. The relative contribution of the local and the regional shipping to the total exposure to NO2 in the reference simulation was 14 % and 21 %, respectively. The shipping related ozone exposures were due to the NO titration effect, leading to negative number of premature deaths. Our study show that overall health impacts of regional shipping can be more important than those of local shipping, emphasising that abatement policy options on city-scale air pollution require close cooperation across governance level...

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A modelling study of the impact on air quality and health due to the emissions from E85 and petrol fuelled cars in Sweden

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Well to wheel analysis of low carbon alternatives for road traffic

Well to wheel analysis of low carbon alternatives for road traffic

The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part II: Scenarios for 2040

The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part I: 2012 emissions

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