A modern concept of mixed dementia

Abstract

Cognitive impairment is currently one of the most urgent problems. A number of newly registered cases of dementia in the world approaches to 7,7 millions that means that a new case of dementia arises every four seconds. According to WHO data, Western Europe is in the first place (appr. 7,0 millions of patients). In 2010, Russia was among 9 countries with the highest number of patients with dementia. Mixed dementia is characterized by the presence of one or several pathogenetic mechanisms of cognitive impairment. Its prevalence is about 45%. Neurodegenerative and vascular processes underlying dementia are mutually potentiated. An analysis of the majority of characteristics demonstrates that mixed dementia has characteristics of both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Disturbances of neurotransmitter systems are caused by cholinergic deficit. Galantamine (reminil) is the drug that has demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of dementia of Alzheimer's type including dementia with chronic disturbances of cerebral blood circulation.

The Role of NADPH Oxidases and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Disorders

“…Mixed dementia (MD) is prevalent in about 45% of cases where neurodegenerative and vascular processes are mutually potentiated. In such a scenario, the individual has characteristics of both AD and VaD [108]. The small vessels within the brain play a key role in the clearance of Aβ peptides as sites of efflux across the BBB and as sites of perivascular drainage.…”

An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Ginkgo biloba Extracts for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

“…VD is a severe cognitive dysfunction syndrome caused by ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and cerebral vascular disease with low cerebral perfusion which leads to the impairment of memory, cognition, and behavior (Tsivgoulis et al, 2014; O'Brien and Thomas, 2015). Mixed dementia means that both AD and VD occur in one patient (Moore et al, 2014; Bogolepova, 2015; Kim et al, 2016). Currently, more than 46 million people live with dementia worldwide, and the number is estimated to increase to 131.5 million by 2050 (Prince et al, 2015).…”