A modified electrode for the electrochemical detection of biogenic amines and their amino acid precursors separated by microchip capillary electrophoresis

Abstract

The use of a mixed-valent ruthenium oxide/hexacyanoruthenate polymeric film electrochemically deposited onto glassy carbon electrodes is proposed here for the detection of biogenic amines and their amino acid precursors, following their separation by microchip capillary electrophoresis. The ability of this ruthenium coating to electrocatalyze the oxidation of aliphatic and heterocyclic amines, as well as their amino acid precursors, was checked by using ethanolamine, tryptamine and tryptophane as prototype compounds and adopting a 25 mM sulphuric acid as the electrolyte in the detection cell, where a constant potential of 1.05 V versus Ag/AgCl, 3 M KCl was applied to the modified working electrode. Optimization of parameters affecting both detection and separation steps led to satisfactory separations when performed by using a 20 mM phosphate running buffer (pH 2.5) and applying a high voltage of 2.5 kV both in the separation and in the electrokinetic injection (duration 4 s). The recorded peaks were characterized by good repeatability (RSD ≤ 3.6%), high sensitivity and a wide linear range. Detection limits of 23 μM (1.4 mg/L), 27 μM (4.3 mg/L) and 34 μM (6.8 mg/L) were inferred for ethanolamine, tryptamine and tryptophane, respectively. The approach proposed here was also applied for the analysis of some double malt dark beers spiked with a controlled amount of the analytes considered.

Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics

“…The novelty of the method consisted of the use of the non‐ionic surfactant Brij 35 instead of SDS in the separation electrolyte, which enhanced fluorescent intensity of FITC‐labeled BAs and shortened separation time to 10 min. Dossi et al applied a new developed approach consisting of the use of end‐channel amperometric detectors in microchip CE for the analysis of BAs and their amino acid precursors in double malt dark beers (see below CE microchip technology in food analysis section) 29.…”

“…Recent advances on microchip CE for food analysis have been directed to the development of novel detection systems in order to improve the sensitivity, selectivity and ease of manipulation 29, 160–163. An interesting application of the use of end‐channel amperometric detectors in microchip CE for the analysis of BAs in double malt dark beers was described by Dossi et al 29. In this work, ED was developed by depositing ruthenium‐containing films on glassy carbon electrodes placed at the end of the microchip separation channel.…”

Food analysis on microchip electrophoresis: An updated review

“…Another example of the use of modified electrodes improving selectivity as an alternative to derivatization schemes has also been proposed recently . BAs are considered usual constituents of many foods and beverages, including fish, meat, dairy products, wine, beer, vegetables, fruits, and nuts, where they are produced from either microbial decarboxylation of amino acids or transamination of aldehydes by amino acid transaminases.…”

An Unprecedented Blueshifted Naphthalimide AIEEgen for Ultrasensitive Detection of 4‐Nitroaniline in Water via “Receptor‐Free” IFE Mechanism

“…[5] Till date, various techniques have been developedf or the detection of aromatic amines based on electrophoretic methods, chromatography,i on mobility spectrometry,X -ray dispersion, cyclic voltammetry,m ass spectrometry (GC-MS). [6][7][8] Although these analytical techniques operatedw ell fort he detection of aromatic amines,m any of them suffer from multiple disadvantages, such as complicated instrument use, high expenses, and timetaking processes, that make them incompatible for quick and on-site application. [9] As compared to other availablet echniques, the fluorescence-based detection technique is one of the most preferred methodo wing to its excellent sensitivity, portability,l ow cost, and quick response time.…”