A Modified Internal Rotation Stretching Technique for Overhand and Throwing Athletes

Johansen, R L; Callis, M; Potts, Jason; Shall, L.

doi:10.2519/jospt.1995.21.4.216

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…29 While stretching has been shown to effectively regain and maintain GHJ internal rotation ROM in overhead athletes, investigation of specific techniques currently used to stretch the posterior shoulder has produced inconsistent results. 26,27,29,31 We observed that an application of MET for the GHJ horizontal abductors resulted in greater GHJ horizontal adduction improvement in that group compared to a control group who did not receive any intervention, and greater internal rotation ROM improvement compared to both the control group and the group treated with MET for the GHJ external rotators. Conversely, internal rotation and horizontal adduction improvements following the application of MET for the GHJ external rotators were not significantly different than the changes in other groups.…”

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confidence: 68%

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The Immediate Effects of Muscle Energy Technique on Posterior Shoulder Tightness: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Moore¹,

Laudner²,

McLoda³

et al. 2011

Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy

139

138

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Study Design Randomized controlled trial. Objective To compare a muscle energy technique (MET) for the glenohumeral joint (GHJ) horizontal abductors and an MET for the GHJ external rotators to improve GHJ range of motion (ROM) in baseball players. Background Overhead athletes often exhibit loss of GHJ ROM in internal rotation, which has been associated with shoulder pathology. Current stretching protocols aimed at improving flexibility of the posterior shoulder have resulted in inconsistent outcomes. Although utilization of MET has been hypothesized to lengthen tissue, there are limited empirical data describing the effectiveness of such stretches for treating posterior shoulder tightness. Methods Sixty-one Division I baseball players were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: MET for the GHJ horizontal abductors (n = 19), MET for the GHJ external rotators (n = 22), and control (n = 20). We measured preintervention and postintervention GHJ horizontal adduction and internal rotation ROM, and conducted analyses of covariance, followed by Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc analysis for significant group-by-time interactions (P<.05). Results The group treated with the MET for the horizontal abductors had a significantly greater increase in GHJ horizontal adduction ROM postintervention (mean ± SD, 6.8° ± 10.5°) compared to the control group (−1.1° ± 6.8°) (P = .011) and a greater increase in internal rotation ROM postintervention (4.2° ± 5.3°) compared to the group treated with the MET for the external rotators (0.2° ± 6.3°) (P = .020) and the control group (−0.2° ± 4.0°) (P = .029). No significant differences among groups were found for any other variables (P>.05). Conclusion A single application of an MET for the GHJ horizontal abductors provides immediate improvements in both GHJ horizontal adduction and internal rotation ROM in asymptomatic collegiate baseball players. Application of MET for the horizontal abductors may be useful to gain ROM in overhead athletes. Level Of Evidence Therapy, level 2b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(6):400–407, Epub 6 April 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3292

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confidence: 68%

“…9,33,46,50 However, investigators have reported conflicting results regarding the effectiveness of current stretching protocols for GHJ internal rotation and horizontal adduction ROM. 26,27,29,31 Additional data are needed to validate the efficacy of specific stretching interventions to increase GHJ internal rotation and posterior shoulder flexibility.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immediate Effects of Muscle Energy Technique on Posterior Shoulder Tightness: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Moore¹,

Laudner²,

McLoda³

et al. 2011

Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy

139

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…10, 35 As a consequence, this increases the stress placed on the passive stabilizer of the shoulder, 10,35 leading to a posterior shoulder soft-tissue tightness similarly to the throwing athletes. 5 Passive and ballistic stretching in several directions is routinely recommended 19,27 in overhead athletes; therefore, posterior soft-tissue stretching 2 ( Figure 9) accompanies open kinetic chain exercises for shoulder girdle 5 to act on posterior structural changes and minimize the effects on shoulder internal rotation (IR; Figure 10, A).…”

Section: Rehabilitation Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infraspinatus strength assessment before and after scapular muscles rehabilitation in professional volleyball players with scapular dyskinesis

Merolla

Santis²,

Sperling

et al. 2010

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

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“…8). As passive stretching is routinely recommended [18,19] in overhead athletes, posterior soft tissues stretching (Fig. 9) was added to the open kinetic chain exercises for shoulder girdle to act on posterior structural changes and minimize the effects on shoulder IR.…”

Section: Rehabilitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus weakness in overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis: strength assessment before and after restoration of scapular musculature balance

Merolla

Santis²,

Campi

et al. 2010

Musculoskelet Surg

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A disturbance in scapulohumeral rhythm may cause negative biomechanic effects on rotator cuff (RC). Alteration in scapular motion and shoulder pain can influence RC strength. Purpose of this study was to assess supraspinatus and infraspinatus strength in 29 overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis, before and after 3 and 6 months of rehabilitation aimed to restore scapular musculature balance. A passive posterior soft tissues stretching was prescribed to balance shoulder mobility. Scapular dyskinesis patterns were evaluated according to Kibler et al. Clinical assessment was performed with the empty can (EC) test and infraspinatus strength test (IST). Strength values were recorded by a dynamometer; scores for pain were assessed with VAS scale. Changes of shoulder IR were measured. The force values increased at 3 months (P < 0.01) and at 6 months (P < 0.01). Changes of glenohumeral IR and decrease in pain scores were found at both follow-up. Outcomes registered on pain and strength confirm the role of a proper scapular position for an optimal length-tension relationship of the RC muscles. These data should encourage those caring for athletes to consider restoring of scapular musculature balance as essential part of the athletic training.

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A Modified Internal Rotation Stretching Technique for Overhand and Throwing Athletes

Cited by 43 publications

References 4 publications

The Immediate Effects of Muscle Energy Technique on Posterior Shoulder Tightness: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The Immediate Effects of Muscle Energy Technique on Posterior Shoulder Tightness: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Infraspinatus strength assessment before and after scapular muscles rehabilitation in professional volleyball players with scapular dyskinesis

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus weakness in overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis: strength assessment before and after restoration of scapular musculature balance

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