A Modified LEACH Protocol Using Multi-Hop Mechanism and Neural Networks for IoT Applications

Abstract

The wireless sensor network is a big field for researchers because it has a lot of applications. One of these applications is IoT. IoT has a lot of applications in agriculture, Traffic Monitoring, smart homes, smart cities...etc. WSN has the challenge to reduce the consumed energy through it over time because sometimes it is hard to change the sensor nodes in the network that may be in different environment conditions in applications like forest detection, military battlefield, and other extreme environments. Therefore, it is critical to prolong the network's lifespan and conserve the power as much as possible. Hierarchical routing efficiently reduces consumed energy by aggregating and fusing data. It reduces the transmissions to the base station (BS). LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is one of the hierarchical protocols that cluster sensor nodes and aim to prolong the lifetime of the network. In this paper, we aim to produce LEACH in a modified form by using Multi-hop LEACH and Neural networks. We used MATLAB environment to simulate the proposed protocol that we called NNMH_LEACH and to make all the comparisons that prove that the proposed method is enhancing the network's lifespan and decreasing the consumed energy by nodes all over the rounds. LEACH and Multi-hop LEACH are outperformed by the suggested protocol. The simulation and all of the results are discussed in this publication.