A Modified Pixel-Value Differencing Image Steganographic Scheme with Least Significant Bit Substitution Method

Malik, Arun; Sikka, Geeta; Verma, Harsh Kumar

doi:10.5815/ijigsp.2015.04.08

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…PIXEL VALUE DIFFERENCE ALGORITHM (PVD) Wu and Tsai proposed a steganography process called pixel value difference. The high embedding ability and outstanding imperceptibility of the stego images can be effective in this method [33] [34]. It was considered as a good steganographic algorithm because of its high payload and good visual perception in the spatial domain [35].…”

Section: IVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Three Proposal Methods in Steganography Encryption Secret Message using PVD and MapReduce

2021

IJCCCE

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This paper will present a comparison between three proposed methods. All of these methods include hiding a secret message inside a video for the aim of transferring it to another party with high security and a high embedding rate in order to ensure that the secret message is not discovered by the attacker. In addition , facilitating deals with video frames as large data for the purpose of analyzing, dividing and controlling frames easily by the programmer, using the MapReduce method. This is done by dividing the video into a series of frames, and before the hiding process, the message is encrypted using the advance encryption standard (AES) algorithm. These basic processes are implemented in all three proposed methods, the rest of the details for each method are: The first method: used the pixel value difference (PVD) algorithm to hide the secret message in the video. In addition, the stego secret key was also used. This key is used for the purpose of deciding the locations of the pixels that will be employed to hide the secret message inside it. The second method: the MapReduce principle is used for the purpose of facilitating dealing with video frames. The chosen frame will enter the MapReduce stages. This is implemented by dividing the frame into three matrices red, green, blue (RGB). Each matrix represents a map. Moreover, the technique that is used for concealment is the least significant bit (LSB) technology which uses the stego secret key (x2) for the purpose of selecting sites that will be hidden by it. The third method: Also, the MapReduce principle is used, but this method is implemented by dividing the frame into four blocks. Each block represents a map. In one of the stages of the MapReduce, the hiding process will be done by using the (PVD) method which uses the stego secret key (n+15). Finally, the reducer, which is the last stage, will collect the results of each block to generate the stego-frame. The results of the three methods are efficiency, transparency, robustness and powerful in stego video. It is noticed that the second method has achieved the lowest capacity, thus achieving high security. As for the third method, it achieved the highest capacity and the highest execution time was the first method. Despite this, all the three methods have achieved high security. The attacker or unauthorized person cannot detect any suspicious differences in a stego video. These results are obtained through using many measurements: peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Entropy and correlation coefficient. Index Terms—steganography, PVD, LSB, MapReduce, Secret key.

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Section: IVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Three Proposal Methods in Steganography Encryption Secret Message using PVD and MapReduce

2021

IJCCCE

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“…The edge areas can be utilized to hide large number of data compared to smooth areas. A large variety of diversified techniques in combination with PVD and LSB has been suggested in the literature [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Swain [24] has given a method for inserting secret information by using Group of Bits Substitution (GBS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Image Steganography Using Bit Flipping

Sahu

Swain

Babu

2018

Cybernetics and Information Technologies

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This article proposes bit flipping method to conceal secret data in the original image. Here a block consists of 2 pixels and thereby flipping one or two LSBs of the pixels to hide secret information in it. It exists in two variants. Variant-1 and Variant-2 both use 7th and 8th bit of a pixel to conceal the secret data. Variant-1 hides 3 bits per a pair of pixels and the Variant-2 hides 4 bits per a pair of pixels. Our proposed method notably raises the capacity as well as bits per pixel that can be hidden in the image compared to existing bit flipping method. The image steganographic parameters such as, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), hiding capacity, and the Quality Index (Q.I) of the proposed techniques has been compared with the results of the existing bit flipping technique and some of the state of art article.

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“…The edge areas can be utilized to hide more number of data compared to smooth areas. A large variety of diversified techniques in combination with PVD and LSB has been suggested in the literature [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Swain [24] given a method for inserting secret information by using group of bits substitution (GBS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Notice of Retraction Digital Image Steganography Using Bit Flipping

Sahu¹,

Swain²

2018

IJ-ICT

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Notice of Retraction ----------------------------------------------------------------------- After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IAES's Publication Principles. We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper. The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting info@iaesjournal.com. -----------------------------------------------------------------------This article proposes bit flipping method to conceal secret data in the original image. Here a section consists of 2 pixels and there by flipping one or two LSBs of the pixels to hide secret information in it. It exists in 2 variants. The variant-1 and variant-2 both use 7th and 8th bit to conceal the secret data. Variant-1 hides 3 bits per a pair of pixels and the variant-2 hides 4 bits per a pair of pixels. Our proposed method notably raises the capacity as well as bits per pixel that can be hidden in the image compared to existing bit flipping method. The image steganographic parameters such as, peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), hiding capacity, and the quality index of the proposed techniques has been compared with the existing bit flipping technique

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A Modified Pixel-Value Differencing Image Steganographic Scheme with Least Significant Bit Substitution Method

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Comparison of Three Proposal Methods in Steganography Encryption Secret Message using PVD and MapReduce

Comparison of Three Proposal Methods in Steganography Encryption Secret Message using PVD and MapReduce

Digital Image Steganography Using Bit Flipping

Notice of Retraction Digital Image Steganography Using Bit Flipping

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