A Modified Preparation Method of Ideal Platelet-Rich Fibrin Matrix From Whole Blood

Abstract

One bioproduct that is widely used in the wound healing process is platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PRP is a liquid solution with high autologous platelet concentration, making it a good source of growth factors to accelerate wound healing. Recent development in PRP had created a new product called platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM), which has a denser and more flexible structure. PRFM is the newest generation of platelet concentrate with a fibrin matrix that holds platelet in it. The key concept in creating PRFM from PRP is the addition of CaCl2 followed by centrifugation, which converts fibrinogen to fibrin, and the fibrin cross-links to form a matrix that contains viable platelets. There are many commercially available kits to create PRFM, but they are often expensive and uneconomical. This research will test a modified method of making ideal PRFM from PRP without any commercial kits. The modified method will include determining the minimum level of CaCl2 used, the type of centrifuge, and the speed and duration of centrifugation. By performing a modified preparation method on five samples of whole blood, it was found that the ideal PRFM could be made by mixing PRP with 25 mM CaCl2 and centrifuging it at a speed of 2,264 × g for 25 min at room temperature. The PRP and PRFM platelet counts of this method tend to be lower than the platelet counts found in other studies. Although visually comparable, further study is needed to compare the performance of PRFMs made with this method and PRFMs made with commercial kits.

Nanostructure characteristics of three types of platelet-rich fibrin biomaterial: a histological and immunohistochemical study

“…Architecturally and nanostructurally interconnected fibrin networks in PRF biomaterials can be visualized using various techniques, such as hematoxylin and eosin staining, atomic force microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy [40,41]. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of PRF revealed a polymerized interconnected fibrin network and a large population of living cells, including lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, erythrocytes, and stem cells [39,42]. The PRF fibrin matrix, a natural polymeric three-dimensional network formed after fibrin polymerization, allows for increased entrapment of circulating cytokines and growth factors as well as prolonged release of these molecules into the extracellular matrix [11,43].…”

Use of platelet-rich fibrin in fat grafts during facial lipostructure

“…Therefore, the second-generation platelet concentrate (PRF) was developed in France by Choukroun et al in 2001 ( 14 , 15 ). Some studies have shown that platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) increases vascularization by stimulating the production of angiogenesis-related factors (e.g., VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor, plate- let-derived growth factor, and epidermal growth factor), which leads to new blood vessel formation by modulating the activation, proliferation, and migration of endothelial cells ( 17 , 47 , 48 ).…”

Evolution and Clinical Advances of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Musculoskeletal Regeneration

“…Without any additives, platelets are activated within a few minutes after contacting the walls of the tube, which stimulates the coagulation cascade [6][7][8]. The success of PRF isolation depends on the time taken from the speed of blood collection to the transfer of tubes to the centrifugation machine [9][10][11]. Quick handling of PRF isolation is the best way to obtain a clinically and therapeutic usable L-PRF clot [3,8].…”