A modified theory of planned behavioral: A case of tourist intention to visit a destination post pandemic Covid-19 in Indonesia

Abstract

The Pandemic covid-19 spread globally has been given impact in the tourism industry, especially in the tourism destination. This study investigated to build the concept and theoretical framework that explains the decision of local tourist intention to visit a local destination in Indonesia post-pandemic covid-19. This study was considered the perception of Covid-19, non-pharmaceutical intervention and health consciousness by implying of Theory of Planned Behavior constructs. This study, health consciousness is the moderator variable to predict the decision of tourist to visit a destination. Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) was used to analyze the construct of study. The model found that the Theory of Planned Behavior was successfully broadened in making the decision of tourist to visit a destination post-covid-19 with considering non-pharmaceutical intervention and health consciousness. The results showed that generally the constructs of Theory Planned Behavior are significantly impacted in intention to visit a local destination in Indonesia, except Hypothesis of subjective norm and intention to visit was rejected. The variable health consciousness through intention to visit also was rejected. The framework also used moderating variable health consciousness between subjective norm and intention to visit was rejected. This study was given insight an issue of covid-19 in the tourism sector, and the implication was providing government, stakeholders, tourism marketers and policy-making with considering non-pharmaceutical and health consciousness during and post-pandemic covid-19.

Risk Perception and Intention of Touring to the City of Sabang in the Time of the Covid-19 Pandemic

“…From the results of the study, two variables in the TPB model are Attitude andand PBC (Percieved Behavioral Control) has a positive and significant effect on the intention to travel to Sabang City in the midst of the Covid 19 pandemic, where Attitude is the variable that has the largest contribution in influencing Intention. These empirical findings are in line with the findings of other researchers using the TPB model and in the context the COVID-19 pandemic (Sandra, et al, 2020, Bae & Chang, 2020, Li, et al, 2020, Xu, et al, 2021, Pahrudin, et al, 2021, and Sujood, et al, 2021.…”

“…Meanwhile, the results of this study indicate that the Subjective Norm has no effect on Intentions traveling to Sabang City in the midst of the Covid 19 pandemic, these findings are in accordance with (Pahrudin, et al, 2021, andSujood, et al, 2021) who confirmed that the Subjective Norm was not significant for predicting the intention to travel during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. In contrast, with the model and context of COVID-19, several other researchers found a significant influence on the Subjective Norm.…”

Research on the Impact of Media Credibility on Risk Perception of COVID-19 and the Sustainable Travel Intention of Chinese Residents Based on an Extended TPB Model in the Post-Pandemic Context

“…The hypothesized research model integrated media credibility and risk perception into TPB that was empirically measured using online survey data collected from tourists concerning the impact of media credibility on behavioral intention through risk perception (See Figure 1). In the current study, the questionnaire items employed maturity scales that have been verified in prior studies, such as that of Ajzen [42], Rahmafitria et al [34], Pahrudin [43], to guarantee content validity. Furthermore, certain appropriate revisions were made so as to better gauge the touristic behavior of Chinese residents in the postpandemic context.…”

“…Perceived behavioral control: five items modified from Harmid and Bano [48] and Pahrudin et al [43]. Sample item: I am confident that traveling in the post-pandemic context is entirely within my control.…”

The Role of Perceived Quality on High-Speed Railway Tourists’ Behavioral Intention: An Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

“…A number of studies to date have extended the TPB to various contexts, including tourism and hospitality. Some examples include leisure activities [28], destination choice [29,30], festival visits [31], tourism information adoption (e.g., [32]), lodging [33], tourists' civilized behaviors [34] and environmental behaviors [24,35]. In the context of service, Shaaban and Maherr [36] have applied the TPB to predict the use of public transportation services.…”