A modular approach to self-oscillating polymer systems driven by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction

Zhou, Hongwei; Zheng, Zhaohui; Wang, Qiguan; Gao, Xu; Li, Jie; Ding, Xiaobin

doi:10.1039/c4ra13852j

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…3 Autonomous motions in polymers have been realized by utilizing variations in ambient humidity, 4,5 light, 6 chemo-mechano-chemical effects 7 and oscillating chemical reactions in gels such as the Belousov Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. 8,9 The continuous self-sustained motion in polymers frees the devices from the dependence of on/off switching of external stimuli, and could dramatically expand the range of applications for soft actuators, including in the areas of autonomous motors 10 and artificial muscles. 11 Selfsustained motions in polymer actuators are often a result of feedback loops that couple material properties and external stimuli in synchronism.…”

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A self-sustained soft actuator able to rock and roll

et al. 2019

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A self-sustained soft actuator able to rock and roll

et al. 2019

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“…Self‐oscillating systems are widespread in nature and are a key feature of space‐time self‐assembly of non‐equilibrium systems. The Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction is the best known example of far‐from‐equilibrium self‐organizing chemical reactions, such as in animal skin patterns, brain waves, heartbeats, and cells, and neurons . The BZ reaction is an oscillation reaction involving the catalyzed oxidation of an organic substrate such as malonic acid by sodium bromate in an acidic solution.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Belousov-Zhabotinsky Oscillator Driven by a Water-Soluble Metalloporphyrin

Mukai

Miyamoto

et al. 2016

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We report for the first time that carbonyl meso-tetrakis(4-Nmethylpyridiniumyl)porphyrinatoruthenium(II) tetraacetate (Ru-TPyP) worked as a catalyst for the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. The profiles from the BZ reaction were measured by potentiometric measurements with a Pt electrode and a Hg/ HgNO 3 reference electrode. Ru-TPyP was added lastly to the aqueous solution containing malonic acid (MA), sodium bromate (NaBrO 3 ), and nitric acid (HNO 3 ) at 22 AE 2 8C. The oscillation of the BZ reaction was observed over a fixed period of time only in the solution containing 2.1 3 10 À2 M MA, 3.2 3 10 À2 M NaBrO 3 and 5.5 3 10 À2 M HNO 3 . The self-oscillation period in Ru-TPyP was approximately 100 s and it continued for approximately 2600 s.Self-oscillating systems are widespread in nature and are a key feature of space-time self-assembly of non-equilibrium systems. The Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction is the best known example of far-from-equilibrium self-organizing chemical reactions, such as in animal skin patterns, [1] brain waves, [2] heartbeats, [3,4] and cells [5] , and neurons. [6] The BZ reaction is an oscillation reaction involving the catalyzed oxidation of an organic substrate such as malonic acid by sodium bromate in an acidic solution. Conventional catalysts for this reaction [7] are Ce (III/IV) ions, Mn(II/III) ions, Ru(bpy) 3 (II/III), and ferroin (II/III), which do not exist in living organisms. Metalloporphyrins play an important role in biochemistry, [8] for example, protoporphyrin IX in heme and iron complexes in hemoglobin and myoglobin. However, the use of metalloporphyrins as catalysts in BZ reactions has not yet been attempted. Here, we report a BZ reaction catalyzed by metalloporphyrins for the first time.First, water-soluble metalloporphyrins were prepared because the BZ reaction has been conventionally examined in acidic aqueous systems (Figure 1). Ruthenium porphyrin complexes were prepared from meso-tetrapyridylporphyrin (H 2 -TPyP) and meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (H 2 -TPPS) according to the reported procedure. [9] The BZ reaction was performed as follows. [10] The initial concentrations of malonic acid (MA) and metalloporphyrin were fixed at 2.1 3 10 À2 M and 2.9 3 10 À4 M, respectively, whereas the initial concentrations of sodium bromate (NaBrO 3 ) and nitric acid (HNO 3 ) were varied as shown in Table 1. The oscillation was examined when the four substrates were mixed. The profiles from the BZ reaction were measured by potentiometric measurements with a Pt electrode and a Hg/HgNO 3 reference electrode, accompanying a periodic oscillation of the redox potential of the metal catalyst (see supporting information, Figure S1). [11] In all experiments, the metalloporphyrin was added lastly to the aqueous solution containing MA, NaBrO 3 , and HNO 3 at 22 AE 2 8C, and then, the oscillation was monitored (Table 1). As for Ru-TpyP, the concentrations of NaBrO 3 and HNO 3 were varied in the range 1.6 -6.4 3 10 À2 M and 2.7 -9.5 3 10 À2 M, respectively.

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“…However, the system can be readily "re-fueled" by replenishing the solutions of the BZ system. The new kind of intelligent materials has become the focus of the world's attention [22][23][24][25]. Yoshida's works involved the use of expensive rare metal Ru as the catalyst moiety required for BZ reaction.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of initial substrate concentrations of the BZ reaction on self-oscillating of polymer chains with Fe(phen)3 catalyst

et al. 2015

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Self-oscillation for the poly(NIPAAm-coFe(phen) 3 ) solution induced by the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction was studied by changing initial substrate concentrations (i.e., malonic acid, potassium bromate, and sulphuric acid) of the BZ reaction and the concentration of polymer solution. The results showed that the self-oscillation could be controlled by changing the initial substrate concentrations of polymer and potassium bromate. However, the oscillation behavior was insensitive to the concentration of malonic acid and sulphuric acid.

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A modular approach to self-oscillating polymer systems driven by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction

Abstract: This review explores the principle, modular construction, integral control and engineering aspects of self-oscillating polymer systems driven by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction.

Cited by 24 publications

References 120 publications

A self-sustained soft actuator able to rock and roll

A self-sustained soft actuator able to rock and roll

A Belousov-Zhabotinsky Oscillator Driven by a Water-Soluble Metalloporphyrin

Effect of initial substrate concentrations of the BZ reaction on self-oscillating of polymer chains with Fe(phen)3 catalyst

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