A modular solid state detector for measuring high energy heavy ion fragmentation near the beam axis

Zeitlin, C.; Frankel, Kenneth A.; Gong, W. G.; Heilbronn, L.; Lampo, E.; Leres, R.; Schimmerling, W.

doi:10.1016/1350-4487(94)90025-6

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Taking the low end of the range, and assuming a 60:40 mix of 6 Li to 7 Li, the acceptance model predicts that the cross section for Li will, at 5…”

Section: Off-axis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• fragmentation experiment, similar to others reported by our group [6][7][8][9][10][11] was carried out at HIMAC over two running periods, the first in February 1997 and the second in February 1998. There were small differences between the detector setups in the two runs, but the experimental methodology, described in detail in references 6 and 7, was essentially the same: silicon detectors were placed at strategically chosen points along the beamline to record the energy depositions (∆E) of particles passing through them.…”

Section: Detector Configurations Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fragmentation cross sections of 290 and 400 MeV/nucleonC12beams on elemental targets

et al. 2007

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Charge-changing and fragment production cross sections at 0• have been obtained for interactions of 290 MeV/nucleon and 400 MeV/nucleon carbon beams with C, CH2, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb targets. These beams are relevant to cancer therapy, space radiation, and the production of radioactive beams. We compare to previously published results using C and CH2 targets at similar beam energies. Due to ambiguities arising from the presence of multiple fragments on many events, previous publications have reported only cross sections for B and Be fragments. In this work we have extracted cross sections for all fragment species, using data obtained at three distinct values of angular acceptance, supplemented by data taken with the detector stack placed off the beam axis. A simulation of the experiment with the PHITS Monte Carlo code shows fair agreement with the data obtained with the large acceptance detectors, but agreement is poor at small acceptance. The measured cross sections are also compared to the predictions of the one-dimensional cross section models EPAX2 and NUCFRG2; the latter is presently used in NASA's space radiation transport calculations. Though PHITS and NUCFRG2 reproduce the charge-changing cross sections with reasonable accuracy, none of the models is able to accurately predict the fragment cross sections for all fragment species and target materials.

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“…Taking the low end of the range, and assuming a 60:40 mix of 6 Li to 7 Li, the acceptance model predicts that the cross section for Li will, at 5…”

Section: Off-axis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detector Configurations Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragmentation cross sections of 290 and 400 MeV/nucleonC12beams on elemental targets

et al. 2007

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“…A silicon detector telescope, four elements of which were placed upstream of the target, was used to identify charged particles. A very similar system has previously been described in the literature [11]. The arrangement of the detectors used in the present analysis is shown schematically in Figure 1.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 96%

Heavy fragment production cross sections from 1.05 GeV/nucleon 56Fe in C, Al, Cu, Pb, and CH2 targets

et al. 1997

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TitleHeavy fragment production cross sections from 1.05 GeV/nucleon 56Fe in C, Al, Cu, Pb and CH2 targets GeV/nucleon Fe projectiles incident on H, C, Al, Cu, and Pb nuclei.The energy region covered by this experiment is critical for an understanding of galactic cosmic ray propagation and space radiation biophysics. Surviving primary beam particles and fragments with charges from 12 to 25 produced within a forward cone of half-angle 61 milliradians were detected using a silicon detector telescope to identify their charge, and the cross sections were calculated after correction of the measured yields for finite target thickness effects. The cross sections are compared to model calculations and to previous measurements. Cross sections for the production of fragments with even-numbered nuclear charges are seen to be enhanced in almost all cases.

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“…A particle spectrometer made of a stack of silicon detectors was used for all measurements; our experimental methods [13] and data analysis techniques [8][9][10][11]. A typical beamline configuration as used at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC, located at the National Institute of Radiological Science in Japan) is shown schematically in Figure 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyethylene as a radiation shielding standard in simulated cosmic-ray environments

Guetersloh

Zeitlin

Heilbronn

et al. 2006

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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Radiation risk management for human space missions depends on accurate modeling of highenergy heavy ion transport in matter. The process of nuclear fragmentation can play a key role in reducing both the physical dose and the biological effectiveness of the radiation encountered in deep space. Hydrogenous materials and light elements are expected to be more effective shields against the deleterious effects of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) than aluminum, which is used in current spacecraft hulls. NASA has chosen polyethylene, CH 2 , as the reference material for accelerator-based radiation testing of multi-function composites that are currently being developed. A detailed discussion of the shielding properties of polyethylene under a variety of relevant experimental conditions is presented, along with Monte Carlo simulations of the experiments and other Monte Carlo calculations in which the entire GCR flux is simulated. The Monte Carlo results are compared to the accelerator data and we assess the usefulness of 1 GeV/amu 56 Fe as a proxy for GCR heavy ions. We conclude that additional accelerator-based measurements with higher beam energies would be useful.

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A modular solid state detector for measuring high energy heavy ion fragmentation near the beam axis

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Fragmentation cross sections of 290 and 400 MeV/nucleonC12beams on elemental targets

Fragmentation cross sections of 290 and 400 MeV/nucleonC12beams on elemental targets

Heavy fragment production cross sections from 1.05 GeV/nucleon 56Fe in C, Al, Cu, Pb, and CH2 targets

Polyethylene as a radiation shielding standard in simulated cosmic-ray environments

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