“…However, a survey XPS spectrum of Zr-MOF/Ti-MOF/g-C 3 N 4 shows the relationship between carbon and other elements, including nitrogen, oxygen, zirconium, and titanium, with atomic ratios of 51.3, 18.3, 29.1, 0.5, and 0.8%, respectively (Figure a). The high-resolution XPS spectrum for Ti 2p has two peaks at 464.37 and 470.11 eV, corresponding to Ti 2p 3/2 and Ti 2p 1/2 , implying the existence of Ti 4+ in the titanium-oxo cluster (Figure b) . Furthermore, Zr 3d contains peak binding energies of 188.35 and 190.74 eV, demonstrating the presence of Zr 3d 5/2 and Zr 3d 3/2 , respectively (Figure c).…”