A molecular assessment of the practical potential of DNA-based computation

DNA Logic Gates Integrated on DNA Substrates in Molecular Computing

“…Although this could be considered expensive and work intensive, the cost per unit should be by far more affordable since billions of DNA computational units can be assembled at once in a small reaction volume. [24] However, the material phase and the interface between DNA ICs and user differs from electronic [25] and DNA-based ICs. [28,30,31] Bottom schematics show the number of transistors capable of being integrated on a 1 mm 2 chip.…”

“…The manufacturing of DNA ICs depends on chemical synthesis and assembly strategies. Although this could be considered expensive and work intensive, the cost per unit should be by far more affordable since billions of DNA computational units can be assembled at once in a small reaction volume [24] . However, the material phase and the interface between DNA ICs and user differs from electronic computers, making both technologies neither competitive nor compatible with each other.…”

“…Recent reviews and books on DNA computing focus on the elementary components and toolbox, computing mechanisms, Boolean operators, arithmetic functions and coupling with non-DNA components. [8,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In this minireview, we focus on yet another important trend in developing DNA computersintegrating DNA logic units in communicating chains by tethering them to DNA scaffolds (substrate), named as an all-DNA integrated circuit (DNA IC). The highlighted works are set under the scope of DNA ICs emphasizing different types of DNA substrates and their characteristics including influence in circuit performance, current limitations, and future perspectives…”

“…Recent reviews and books on DNA computing focus on the elementary components and toolbox, computing mechanisms, Boolean operators, arithmetic functions and coupling with non‐DNA components [8,18–24] . In this minireview, we focus on yet another important trend in developing DNA computers‐integrating DNA logic units in communicating chains by tethering them to DNA scaffolds (substrate), named as an all‐DNA integrated circuit (DNA IC).…”

Singleton {NOT} and Doubleton {YES; NOT} Gates Act as Functionally Complete Sets in DNA-Integrated Computational Circuits

“…Boolean logic gates made of small organic molecules [6], proteins [7], and nucleic acids [8] have been reported. It is believed that such gates can be used to build computational circuits that are smaller, consume less energy, and are capable of multiple parallel computing [8,9]. Furthermore, logic gates made of DNA and RNA can be used as molecular tools for diagnosis and therapy [10].…”