A molecular basis for polymer flammability

Lyon, Richard E.; Takemori, M. T.; Safronava, Natallia; Stoliarov, Stanislav I.; Walters, Richard N.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2009.03.047

Cited by 106 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…By controlling pyrolysis of the sample in nitrogen gas stream followed by complete oxidation of pyrolytic products, several primary parameters, PHRR, heat release capacity (HRC), total heat released (THR), and temperature at PHRR ( T p ‐MCC), can be obtained. In particular, HRC measured from the MCC was found to correlate well with the PHRR measured from the cone calorimeter, which was taken as a reasonable prediction of fire hazard and developed as high‐throughput method for the formulation and flammability screening of multicomponent polymeric materials …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thermal stability and flammability performance of polypropylene composites with silica pillared montmorillonites

Zhu

Liu

Cai

et al. 2013

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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In present work, silica pillared montmorillonite material (C‐SiO2‐OMT) was prepared via the sol–gel method, and the influence of the powder on thermal stability and flammability performance of polypropylene (PP) composites was investigated. Characterization of C‐SiO2‐OMT, elucidated with X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption–desorption, suggested that the powder had a mesoporous lamellar structure with high specific surface area and mesoporous volume. The formation of porous structure of C‐SiO2‐OMT was more conducive than organically modified montmorillonite (OMT) to slowing the volatilization of pyrolytic products generated during thermal degradation process, which led to PP/C‐SiO2‐OMT microcomposite show better thermal stability than PP/OMT nanocomposite at high temperature range. Flammability properties of these polymer materials evaluated by microscale combustion calorimetry, and cone calorimetry showed a contrary tendency, but C‐SiO2‐OMT holds high promise to reduce the smoke yield. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thermal stability and flammability performance of polypropylene composites with silica pillared montmorillonites

Zhu

Liu

Cai

et al. 2013

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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“…This does not occur in PCFC, where the heating rate is generally 60°C/min (Lyon and Walters 2004;Lyon et al 2009); in addition, and in contrast with the other aforementioned tests, in PCFC only the combustion of pyrolysis products is carried out Hu 2011, Yang andHu 2012;Yang et al 2010. Hence, these considerations highlight the different scenarios described by the common characterisation techniques and PCFC, which have found remarkable interest in the last decade, in particular concerning the characterisation of coatings derived from nanotechnology such as layer-by-layer assembly (Alongi et al 2014a).…”

Section: Fabric Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much the fabric grammage may affect cotton combustion?

et al. 2015

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The present article is addressed to investigating the effect of different fabric grammages (mass per area unit) on cotton combustion. To this aim, 100, 200 and 400 g/m 2 cotton fabrics were tested when exposed to (1) two different heat fluxes (25 and 35 kW/m 2 ) under a cone calorimeter, (2) a methane flame in horizontal or vertical flame spread tests or (3) a propane flame in Limiting Oxygen Index tests, and (4) when pyrolysed and further oxidised in pyrolysiscombustion flow calorimetry (PCFC). The collected results demonstrated a precise relationship between fabric grammage and cotton combustion behaviour. Indeed, when exposed to a 35-kW/m 2 heat flux, the higher the fabric grammage, the higher the total heat release during combustion was; the opposite trend was observed when the same fabrics were pyrolysed and further oxidised in PCFC. This finding was ascribed to the different scenarios described by these instrumentations; indeed, the cone calorimeter was able to reproduce cotton combustion in a well-ventilated context in the presence of air (thus, oxygen), while PCFC only represented the combustion of pyrolysis products. However, both techniques indirectly evidenced a linear dependence of char formation as a function of fabric grammage: the higher the fabric grammage, the larger the amount of char formed was. The same trend was also observed during horizontal and vertical flame spread tests. In conclusion, the present article is intended to show how cotton combustion may be affected by fabric grammage as well as how such behaviour is influenced by the experimental conditions in which it is investigated.

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“…The pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC) characterizes the thermal combustion of a sample in a non-flaming test by rapid, controlled pyrolysis in an inert gas stream (N 2 ) followed by complete combustion of the pyrolysis gases in an excess of oxygen at 900 3 C for 10 s. PCFC determines the heat release rate (W g 41 ) of the sample, which is calculated from the flow rate of the gas stream and the oxygen consumed by combustion of the pyrolysis gases [32].…”

Section: Pyrolysis Combustion Flow Calorimetermentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus-containing Polysulfones - A Comparative Study

Hoffmann

Pospiech

Häußler

et al. 2010

High Performance Polymers

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A comparative study of the influence of 2-(10-oxo-10H-9-oxa-101 5 -phosphaphenanthrene-10-yl)-benzene-1,4-diol (DOPO-HQ) and 2-(2,8-dimethyl-10-oxo-10H-101 5 -phenoxaphosphine-10-yl)-benzene-1,4-diol (DPPO-HQ) on their ability to form polysulfones (PSU) with 4,4 1 -difluorodiphenylsulfone (DFDPS) as well as the properties of the aromatic phosphorus-containing polysulfones (P-PSU) is reported. These properties are also compared to bisphenol A-based polysulfone. Both diols have the phosphorus unit as substituent and differ in the number of oxygen atoms within the environment of the phosphorus changing from DOPO-HQ (phosphinate structure, Ar 2 OP(=O)) to DPPO-HQ (phosphine oxide structure, Ar 3 PO). The nucleophilic aromatic polycondensation was carried out successfully using both phosphorus-containing aromatic diols instead of bisphenol A and was followed by ATR-FTIR in-line monitoring. The use of DPPO-HQ decreased the number of side reactions and enhanced slightly the molecular weight. The thermal stability of DPPO-HQ-based PSU is slightly better than DOPO-HQ-based PSU. Thermal decomposition schemes for PSU and for both P-PSUs are proposed based on thermogravimetric analysis and Pyrolysis GC-MS results.

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A molecular basis for polymer flammability

Cited by 106 publications

References 21 publications

Thermal stability and flammability performance of polypropylene composites with silica pillared montmorillonites

Thermal stability and flammability performance of polypropylene composites with silica pillared montmorillonites

How much the fabric grammage may affect cotton combustion?

Phosphorus-containing Polysulfones - A Comparative Study

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