A molecular phylogeny and classification of Bignoniaceae

Abstract

Bignoniaceae are woody, trees, shrubs, and lianas found in all tropical floras of the world with lesser representation in temperate regions. Phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast sequences (rbcL, ndhF, trnL-F) were undertaken to infer evolutionary relationships in Bignoniaceae and to revise its classification. Eight clades are recognized as tribes (Bignonieae, Catalpeae, Coleeae, Crescentieae, Jacarandeae, Oroxyleae, Tecomeae, Tourrettieae); additional inclusive clades are named informally. Jacarandeae and Catalpeae are resurrected; the former is sister to the rest of the family, and the latter occupies an unresolved position within the "core" Bignoniaceae. Tribe Eccremocarpeae is included in Tourrettieae. Past classifications recognized a large Tecomeae, but this tribe is paraphyletic with respect to all other tribes. Here Tecomeae are reduced to a clade of approximately 12 genera with a worldwide distribution in both temperate and tropical ecosystems. Two large clades, Bignonieae and Crescentiina, account for over 80% of the species in the family. Coleeae and Crescentieae are each included in larger clades, the Paleotropical alliance and Tabebuia alliance, respectively; each alliance includes a grade of taxa assigned to the traditional Tecomeae. Parsimony inference suggests that the family originated in the neotropics, with at least five dispersal events leading to the Old World representatives.

Sistema reprodutivo do Ipê-Branco: Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridley) Sandwith (Bignoniaceae)

“…Apesar da diversidade de espécies existente em Bignoniaceae -cerca de 827 espécies (Lohmann 2006) distribuídas em 82 gêneros (Olmstead et al 2009), das quais aproximadamente 620 são espécies neotropicais (Spangler & Olmstead 1999) -, investigações sobre os seus sistemas reprodutivos são relativamente escassas, tendo sido realizadas em pouco mais de 6% (51 espécies) da família (Gibbs & Bianchi 1999;Dutra & Machado 2001;Bittencourt et al 2003;Bittencourt & Semir 2004;2006;Correia et al 2005;2006;Carvalho et al 2007;Yanagizawa & Maiomni-Rodella 2007;Guimarães et al 2008;Maués et al 2008;Srithongchuay et al 2008;Polatto & Alves 2009;Sampaio 2010). Esses estudos indicaram que, com exceção de Pyrostegia venusta (Gobatto-Rodrigues & Stort 1992), Astianthus viminalis (Bullock 1985), Tecoma stans (Singh & Chauhan 1996;Dutra & Machado 2001), Handroanthus chrysotrichus (syn.…”

Out of the Neotropics: Late Cretaceous colonization of Australasia by American arthropods

“…However, trans-Pacific disjunctions are difficult to account for when the taxon of interest does not have adaptations for long distance oceanic dispersal, such as winged seeds [11] or floating fruit [12]. Apropos, fewer studied examples of trans-Pacific disjunct taxa are known among animals.…”

Self-sterility in the hexaploid Handroanthus serratifolius (Bignoniaceae), the national flower of Brazil

“…Among the 827 species of Bignoniaceae (Olmstead et al 2009), the breeding system has been determined for only 62. Eighty percent of the studied species present self-sterility, which is often characterized as a result of late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI) mechanisms (Gibbs & Bianchi 1993;Bittencourt et al 2003;Bittencourt & Semir 2005;Gandolphi & Bittencourt 2010).…”