A molluscan extracellular signal-regulated kinase is involved in host response to immune challenges in vivo and in vitro

Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis Reveal Diverse Regulated Roles of Three MAPK Genes in Chlamys farreri Under Heat Stress

“…Moreover, all CfMAPK genes were conserved with other species in the same subfamily. The similar genes number and copy pattern of MAPK s were also reported in other invertebrates, such as C. elegans ( Galbadage et al, 2016 ), P. yessoensis ( Sun et al, 2016 ), and C. gigas ( Qu et al, 2016 , 2017 ). Thus, it is likely that only one copy for each of three MAPK subfamilies exists in the common ancestor of vertebrates and invertebrates, and multiple homologous isoforms of MAPK genes in vertebrates originated from the result of ancestral gene expansion during the evolution process.…”

The immune system of the freshwater zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, decrypted by proteogenomics of hemocytes and plasma compartments

“…In plasma, immune signal transduction also plays important role in controlling the defence responses of bivalves. For example, in molluscs, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling pathway regulates many immune process of hemocytes, including inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis [22]. In both compartments, the GO analysis revealed a high NSAF value of immune proteins related to membrane organization, cell motility and cell adhesion.…”

“…Till now, three major MAPKs pathways have been identified in the hemolymph of bivalves, the c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), p38 mitogen-activated protein and the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) [33]. Several studies showed the implication of these MAPKs pathways in the regulation of immune signal transduction, leading to the production of immune effectors adapted to the infectious pathogen [22,55,56]. In the hemolymph of D. polymorpha, MAPKs were evidenced by 320 spectra in hemocytes and 80 spectra in plasma (Table 1).…”