A Monoclonal Antibody against Chorion Proteins of the Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758): Studies of Chorion Precursors and Applicability in Immunoassays

Scapigliati, Giuseppe; Meloni, Sabrina; Mazzini, Massimo

doi:10.1095/biolreprod60.4.783

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Occasionally this occurs after formation of covalently linked heterodimers (VE␣-VE␥ and VE␤-VE␥) but before incorporation of VE proteins into the VE. This would be consistent with the suggestion that soluble VE precursor proteins are converted into insoluble VE proteins at the site of envelope assembly in the ovary, not in the liver or bloodstream (8,17,21,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Furthermore, the evidence is consistent with a recently proposed mechanism for ZP assembly in mammals that involves short hydrophobic patches near the C terminus (external hydrophobic patch (EHP)) and within the ZP domain (internal hydrophobic patch (IHP)) of ZP precursor proteins (28).…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…winter flounder, sea bream, cod, and medaka) (18 -22) are synthesized in the liver under hormonal (estradiol-17␤) control and then transported in the bloodstream as proproteins to the ovary where they form the inner layer of the egg VE. In most instances it would appear that polymerization of fish VE proteins takes place in the ovary (8,17,21,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass Spectrometric Evidence That Proteolytic Processing of Rainbow Trout Egg Vitelline Envelope Proteins Takes Place on the Egg

Darie

Biniossek

Gawinowicz

et al. 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The rainbow trout egg vitelline envelope (VE) is constructed of three proteins, called VE␣, VE␤, and VE␥, that are synthesized and secreted by the liver and transported in the bloodstream to the ovary, the site of VE assembly around eggs. All three proteins possess an N-terminal signal peptide, a zona pellucida domain, a consensus furin-like cleavage site (CFLCS) close to the C terminus, and a short propeptide downstream of the CFLCS. Proteolytic processing at the CFLCS results in loss of the short C-terminal propeptide from precursor proteins and enables incorporation of mature proteins into the VE. Here mass spectrometry (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with a micromass-quadrupole TOF hybrid mass and a QSTAR Pulsar i mass spectrometer) was employed with VE proteins isolated from rainbow trout eggs in a peptidomics-based approach to determine the following: 1) the C-terminal amino acid of mature, proteolytically processed VE proteins; 2) the cellular site of proteolytic processing at the CFLCS of VE precursor proteins; and 3) the relationship between proteolytic processing and limited covalent cross-linking of VE proteins. Peptides derived from the C-terminal region were found for all three VE proteins isolated from eggs, indicating that processing at the CFLCS occurs after the arrival of VE precursor proteins at the egg. Consistent with this conclusion, peptides containing an intact CFLCS were also found for all three VE proteins isolated from eggs. Furthermore, peptides derived from the C-terminal propeptides of VE protein heterodimers VE␣-VE␥ and VE␤-VE␥ were found, suggesting that a small amount of VE protein can be covalently cross-linked on eggs prior to proteolytic processing at the CFLCS. Collectively, these results provide important evidence about the process of VE formation in rainbow trout and other non-cyprinoid fish and allow comparisons to be made with the process of zona pellucida formation in mammals.All vertebrate eggs are surrounded by an extracellular coat, referred to as a chorion, vitelline envelope (VE), 2 or zona pellucida (ZP) (1). The coats surrounding fish and mammalian eggs, often designated as VE and ZP, respectively, are located between the oolemma and surrounding follicle cells and frequently exhibit distinguishable layers. These egg coats have been shown to play important roles during oogenesis, fertilization, and early embryogenesis.Proteins that constitute the VE and ZP are highly conserved and related to each other (2). For example, a feature common to VE and ZP proteins is the presence of a so-called ZP domain (3-5), a sequence of ϳ260 amino acids that is responsible for polymerization of the proteins into long fibrils or filaments (6). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) VEs consist of at least three proteins, called VE␣(ϳ58 kDa), VE␤(ϳ52 kDa), and VE␥(ϳ47 kDa), that possess an N-terminal signal peptide (SP), a proline-glutamine-(PQ-) rich (PQ) region, a ZP domain, a consensus furin-like ...

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supporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometric Evidence That Proteolytic Processing of Rainbow Trout Egg Vitelline Envelope Proteins Takes Place on the Egg

Darie

Biniossek

Gawinowicz

et al. 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…20,21 Using a monoclonal antibody against chorion proteins of the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, researchers detected signals in hepatocytes, but the signal did not reveal evident subcellular localization patterns. 22 The present evidence suggested that ZP domain-containing proteins are involved in many important biological processes. ZP2 and ZP3, which are involved in spermadhesion to the zona pellucida, are indispensable in acrosome reaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

A Novel Liver–Specific Zona Pellucida Domain Containing Protein That Is Expressed Rarely in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2003

Hepatology

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We currently identified a liver-specific gene that encodes a novel zona pellucida (ZP) domaincontaining protein named liver-specific ZP domain-containing protein (LZP). The full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) of human LZP has 2,255 bp with a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 1,635 bp. The gene is localized on chromosome 10q21.3 and spans 40 kb with 9 encoding exons and 8 introns. The deduced protein sequence has 545 amino acid residues, with an N-terminal signal peptide followed by 3 epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains and a ZP domain in C-terminal section. Interestingly, human LZP is expressed specifically in liver out of 23 tissues examined, and its mouse counterpart was detected at very early stage during embryo development. Moreover, LZP can be secreted into blood, albeit the protein was localized mainly on the nuclear envelop of hepatocytes. Most importantly, LZP is down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and HCC cell lines; meanwhile, the decreased level of hLZP messenger RNA (mRNA) could, at least in some HCC samples, be related to the methylation status of the putative LZP promoter. However, overexpression of hLZP in HCC cell line SMMC-7721 and human liver cell line L02 by stable cell transfection did not inhibit cell growth, implying that the down-regulation of hLZP in HCC might be a consequence of the dedifferentiation involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. In conclusion, these data suggest that LZP is a liver-specific protein involved possibly in hepatocellular function and development, and the protein could be used as potential negative biomarker for HCC pathologic diagnosis. ( H epatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major malignancy associated with liver and is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, especially in Asia, Africa, and southern Europe. Of the ϳ350,000 new HCC cases per year, two thirds occur in Asia, in which China accounts for 50%. 1 Risk factors for hepatocarcinogenesis include infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus, alcohol-induced cirrhosis, exposure to chemical carcinogens, and other factors associated with chronic inflammatory and hepatic regenerative changes. 1,2 Oncogenes such as c-myc and cyclin D1 and tumor suppressor genes such as p53, Rb, and p16 INK4a have been found to be involved in pathogenesis of HCC. [3][4][5][6][7] Mutations in ␤-catenin and AXIN1 gene have been detected and appear to play an important role in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. 8,9 A putative tumor suppressor gene LPTS localized at chromosome 8p23, which has a high-frequency loss of heterozygosity region in HCC, was considered a candidate involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. 10 However, the molecular mechanisms involved in malignant transformation of hepatocytes are still largely unknown.Recently, many transcriptome approaches, such as expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing, complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray, and oligonucleotide chip, were used for studying the molecular mechanism of HCC. [11][12][13] In our previous work, comprehensive characteristics of HBV...

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“…A selection of genes up-regulated by the VHSV infection (comprising probes modulated with the 20 highest FC at least for one developmental stage; "top20" genes) is shown in Table 1. For this selection, two main sets of virus induced genes could be distinguished: (1) "top20" genes induced by the virus, and not among the "top20" genes induced by A. salmonicida at any stage of development (set 1) and (2) genes that are among the "top20" for both pathogens for at least at one stage (set 2) ( Table 1).…”

Section: Responses To Vhsv Infection: Maturation Of the Ifn Response mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in contrast to mammals where the embryo is in an almost sterile environment where pathogen exposure is controlled by the mother. Hence, fish eggs and embryos have to be able to fight efficiently against infections, and must possess active defence mechanisms.In teleost eggs, the first line of defence against invading pathogens is the physical barrier of the chorion and membranes 1,2 . Additionally, the embryonic membranes may express molecules to prevent bacterial and viral invasion, and may lack specific receptors for viral entry.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparate developmental patterns of immune responses to bacterial and viral infections in fish

Castro

Jouneau

Tacchi

et al. 2016

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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During early stages of development vertebrates rely on an immature immune system to fight pathogens, but in non mammalian species few studies have taken an in-depth analysis of the transition from reliance on innate immune mechanisms to the appearance of adaptive immunity. Using rainbow trout as a model we characterized responses to two natural pathogens of this species, the Gram negative bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida and the virus VHSV, using microarray analysis at four early life history stages; eyed egg, post hatch, first feeding and three weeks post first feeding when adaptive immunity starts to be effective. All stages responded to both infections, but the complexity of the response increased with developmental stage. The response to virus showed a clear interferon response only from first feeding. In contrast, bacterial infection induced a marked response from early stages, with modulation of inflammatory, antimicrobial peptide and complement genes across all developmental stages. Whilst the viral and bacterial responses were distinct, there were modulated genes in common, mainly of general inflammatory molecules. This work provides a first platform to explore the development of fish immunity to infection, and to compare the agedependent changes (from embryo to adults) across vertebrates.In most non mammalian vertebrates, pre-and post-hatch life occurs in an unpredictable, hostile external environment. This is in contrast to mammals where the embryo is in an almost sterile environment where pathogen exposure is controlled by the mother. Hence, fish eggs and embryos have to be able to fight efficiently against infections, and must possess active defence mechanisms.In teleost eggs, the first line of defence against invading pathogens is the physical barrier of the chorion and membranes 1,2 . Additionally, the embryonic membranes may express molecules to prevent bacterial and viral invasion, and may lack specific receptors for viral entry. The eggs at the early stages are also protected by maternally derived immune factors that are incorporated during vitellogenesis 3 , including complement components and other antimicrobial factors [4][5][6][7] . A number of critical transitions occur during embryo and fry development. Hatching is a first drastic change. Mouth and gut opening and first feeding stages represent another critical transition: as the gut microbiota is established 8 , interactions between the developing teleost immune system and the environment intensify, increasing dramatically the need for efficient defence mechanisms against pathogens. Importantly, lymphocytes and other components of adaptive immunity appear progressively and do not efficiently protect the fish until well after hatching.In fish as in other vertebrates, innate immunity is particularly important in early phases of development, when adaptive immunity is still not (fully) established and functioning. Triggering of innate receptors specific for pathogen-specific molecular patterns activates a variety of signalling pathways. Generi...

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A Monoclonal Antibody against Chorion Proteins of the Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758): Studies of Chorion Precursors and Applicability in Immunoassays

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Mass Spectrometric Evidence That Proteolytic Processing of Rainbow Trout Egg Vitelline Envelope Proteins Takes Place on the Egg

Mass Spectrometric Evidence That Proteolytic Processing of Rainbow Trout Egg Vitelline Envelope Proteins Takes Place on the Egg

A Novel Liver–Specific Zona Pellucida Domain Containing Protein That Is Expressed Rarely in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Disparate developmental patterns of immune responses to bacterial and viral infections in fish

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