In
order to overcome the shuttling effect of soluble polysulfides
in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, we have designed
and synthesized a creative MoS2–MoO3/carbon
shell (MoS2–MoO3/CS) composite by a H2O2-enabled oxidizing process under mild conditions,
which is further used for separator modification. The MoS2–MoO3 heterostructures can conform to the CS morphology,
forming two-dimensional nanosheets, and thus shorten the transport
path of lithium ion and electrons. Based on our theoretical calculations
and experiments, the heterostructures show strong surface affinity
toward polysulfides and good catalytic activity to accelerate polysulfide
conversion. Benefiting from the above merits, the Li–S battery
with a MoS2–MoO3/CS modified separator
exhibits good electrochemical performance: it delivers a high discharge
capacity of 1531 mAh g–1 at 0.2 C; the initial capacity
can be maintained by 92% after 600 cycles at 1 C, and the discharge
capacity decay rate is only 0.0135% per cycle. Moreover, the MoS2–MoO3/CS battery still achieves good cycling
stability with 78% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 0.2 C with
a high sulfur loading of 5.9 mg cm–2. This work
offers a facile design to construct the MoS2–MoO3 heterostructures for high-performance Li–S batteries,
and may also improve one’s understanding on the heterostructure
contribution during polysulfide adsorption and conversion.