A Morbidity Study of Former Pentachlorophenol-Production Workers

Hryhorczuk, Daniel; Wallace, Warren H.; Persky, Victoria; Furner, Sylvia E.; Webster, James R.; Oleske, Denise M.; Haselhorst, Barbara; Ellefson, Ralph D.; Zugerman, Charles

doi:10.2307/3434067

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Still, previous studies have found that not all individuals with high exposure to dioxin will develop chloracne 39,40 suggesting differences in individual susceptibility to dioxin-induced chloracne. TCDD/AhR/ARNT/Blimp1 and CYP1/c-Myc pathways have been proposed as likely signaling pathways of TCDD on skin cell progenitors, leading to TCDD-induced abnormal differentiation of sebaceous glands and chloracne 41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

t(14;18) Translocations in Dioxin-Exposed Workers

Hryhorczuk¹,

Dardynskaia²,

Hirt³

et al. 2021

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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Objective: To determine if occupational exposure to dioxins is associated with an increased frequency of t(14;18) translocations. Methods: A crosssectional analysis of serum dioxin levels and t(14;18) frequencies in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 218 former chemical plant workers and 150 population controls. Results: The workers had significantly higher geometric mean serum levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (26.2 vs 2.5 ppt) and TEQ (73.8 vs 17.7 ppt) than controls. There were no significant differences in the prevalence or frequency of t(14;18) translocations in the workers compared to controls. Among former workers with current or past chloracne who were t (14;18) positive, the frequency of translocations significantly increased with quartiles of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and TEQ. Conclusion: Chloracne appears to modulate the association between dioxin exposure and increased frequency of t(14;18) translocations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

t(14;18) Translocations in Dioxin-Exposed Workers

Hryhorczuk¹,

Dardynskaia²,

Hirt³

et al. 2021

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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“…These two contaminants are likely to co-exist at sites where PCP was produced by direct chlorination with chlorine that was obtained by electrolysis using Hg electrodes in a chlor-alkali process. [21][22][23][24][25] Heavy metals inhibit the degradation of organic pollutants, making simultaneous degradation difficult. [26][27][28] PCP is one of the most recalcitrant and toxic environmental pollutants, [28][29][30][31] and the levels of PCP found in soil are as high as 200 mg/kg-soil.…”

Section: Insight Innovation Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex function by design using spatially pre-structured synthetic microbial communities: degradation of pentachlorophenol in the presence of Hg(ii)

Kim

Ismagilov

2011

Integr. Biol.

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Naturally occurring microbes perform a variety of useful functions, with more complex processes requiring multiple functions performed by communities of multiple microbes. Synthetic biology via genetic engineering may be used to achieve desired multiple functions, e.g. multistep chemical and biological transformations, by adding genes to a single organism, but this is sometimes not possible due to incompatible metabolic requirements or not desirable in certain applications, especially in medical or environmental applications. Achieving multiple functions by mixing microbes that have not evolved to function together may not work due to competition of microbes, or lack of interactions among microbes. In nature, microbial communities are commonly spatially structured. Here, we tested whether spatial structure can be used to create a community of microbes that can perform a function they do not perform individually or when simply mixed. We constructed a core-shell fiber with Sphingobium chlorophenolicum, a pentachlorophenol (PCP) degrader, in the core layer and Ralstonia metallidurans, a mercuric ion (Hg(II)) reducer, in the shell layer as a structured community using microfluidic laminar flow techniques. We applied a mixture of PCP and Hg(II) to either a simple well-mixed culture broth (i.e. the unstructured community) or the spatially structured core-shell fibers. We found that without spatial structure, the community was unable to degrade PCP in the presence of Hg(II) because S. chlorophenolicum is sensitive to Hg(II). In contrast, with spatial structure in a core-shell fiber system, S. chlorophenolicum in a core layer was protected by R. metallidurans deposited in a shell layer, and the community was able to completely remove both PCP and Hg(II) from a mixture. The appropriate size of the core-shell fiber was determined by the Damköhler number—the timescale of removal of Hg(II) was on the same order of the timescale of diffusion of Hg(II) through the outer layer when the shell layer was on the order of ~200 µm. Ultimately, with the ease of a child putting together ‘Legos’ to build a complex structure, using this approach one may be able to put together microorganisms to build communities that perform functions in vitro or even in vivo, e.g. as in a “microbiome on a pill”.

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“…Due the widespread use of chlorophenols and their persistence in the environment, repeated human exposure has been demonstrated to occur regularly ( − ). 2,4,5-TCP is within the five chlorophenols out from 19 considered to have significant toxicological effects and potential carcinogenicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Monitoring of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol (II): Evaluation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Analysis of Water, Urine, and Serum Samples

Nichkova

Galvé

Marco

2002

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Chlorophenols are frequently found in the urine of the population as consequence of the widespread use of chlorophenols and other organochlorinated compounds. An immunoassay for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP) has been evaluated as a tool to assess risk exposure of the population to these substances. The immunoassay is stable in media with pH values ranging from 6.6 to 10.5 units and ionic strength values varying within 20 and 80 mS cm(-)(1). Considering these parameters, the optimized immunoassay shows a limit of detection of 0.05 microg L(-)(1) and the dynamic range is placed between 0.09 and 0.72 microg L(-)(1). It shows a good accuracy and the coefficients of variation within and between assays are around 12% or lower. However, matrix effects can diminish the efficiency and detectability of the immunochemical methods. In this paper, the effect of water and complex biological sample matrices, such as serum and urine, on the immunoassay for 2,4,5-TCP has been evaluated. Simple sample treatment procedures have been developed for the analysis of these matrices. The final analytical protocols allow straightforward immunochemical determination of 2,4,5-TCP in natural waters, urine, and serum with detection limits of 0.07, 0.26, and 0.8 microg L(-)(1), respectively.

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A Morbidity Study of Former Pentachlorophenol-Production Workers

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

t(14;18) Translocations in Dioxin-Exposed Workers

t(14;18) Translocations in Dioxin-Exposed Workers

Complex function by design using spatially pre-structured synthetic microbial communities: degradation of pentachlorophenol in the presence of Hg(ii)

Biological Monitoring of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol (II): Evaluation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Analysis of Water, Urine, and Serum Samples

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