A Morphogenetic Classification of Craniofacial Malformations

Jc, van der Meulen; Mazzola, Riccardo F.; Vermey-Keers, C; Stricker, M; Raphaël, B.

doi:10.1097/00006534-198304000-00022

Cited by 144 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This specific malformation was classified by Tessier (1969), as a number 7 cleft (Tessier 7), which presents with both a soft tissue (cleft lip (CL) and pre-auricular tags) and a bony component (temporozygomatic cleft). Van der Meulen et al (1983) classified this cleft as a maxillo-mandibular dysplasia. However, other authors have described the soft tissue involvement as a lateral CL ( Van der Meulen et al, 1983;David et al, 1989), with or without pre-auricular appendages or fistulas (Van der Meulen et al, 1983) and bony involvement in the pterygomaxillary junction, or hypoplasia of the alveolar process (molar region), maxilla, zygomatic body, mandibular condyle or coronoid, which might also involve the sphenoid bone, especially the pterygoid plates (David et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A classification and construction of congenital lateral facial clefts

Bütow

Botha

2010

Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery

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SUMMARY. Background: The repair of the lateral or transverse facial cleft is a surgical challenge on the account of the abnormal positioning and appearance of the cleft. Materials and methods: Over a twenty-seven year period, 22 lateral facial cleft cases were evaluated at a cleft lip (CL) and palate clinic and seven children underwent reconstruction of the lateral CL. Results: Twenty-two of 3187 (0.69%) cases presented with a lateral CL. Five of these 22 cases (23%) had a bilateral, eight (36%) had a right-sided and nine (41%) had a left-sided cleft. The evaluation of these cases resulted in a new classification (namely an extension of the Tessier 7 cleft) classification for the cutaneous and muscle involvement: a superior (T7.1), middle (T7.2), inferior (T7.3) and agenetic (T7.4) lateral CL. The altered surgical construction: an internal mucosal straight-line closure, a curved cutaneousemucosal red-lip/vermilion-lined flap for the lip commissure, muscle reconstruction at the modiolus and a positional cutaneous z-plasty for the rare lateral cutaneous cleft. Conclusion: The paper introduced a new classification for the lateral CL, as well as an altered surgical reconstructive technique for the most natural functioning of the lateral part of the face. Ó 2010 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A classification and construction of congenital lateral facial clefts

Bütow

Botha

2010

Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery

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“…The etiology of these anomalies is heterogenous. As for the developmental mechanism of the congenital unilateral skin and soft tissue mass observed from the columella to philtrum, we speculate that a disorder has occurred in the ipsilateral medial nasal prominence and that the skin and soft tissue compensatorily became unilaterally excessive [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Congenital minor malformations of the soft tissue and muscle of the philtrum with associated nasal deformity

Goossens

Wilk

Meyer

2002

European Journal of Plastic Surgery

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A 9-year-old girl presented with an abnormal muscle of the upper lip, a congenital philtral deformity associated with a short columella and a bifid nose. The deformity was most clearly seen with facial expression. Congenital nasal anomalies may occur alone or in combination with clefts of the lips and face. In this case, there was no palpable facial cleft. The contribution of the medial nasal processes to the formation of the nasal septum, columella, and philtrum and the proposed embryologic errors have been well described. A threedimensional model of the philtrum and a transverse histological section from a third trimester fetus is illustrated. The smooth muscle tissues are formed by the embryonic connective tissue. A minor malformation of unilateral skin and soft tissue between columella and philtrum may be a focal fetal dysplasia and can be considered a type of facial cleft. The patient can be classified in a morphogenetic group with a slight focal fetal dysplasia.

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“…Regardless of the cause, an arrest in skin, muscle, or bone development manifests itself as a "focal fetal dysplasia." The ultimate appearance and severity of the dysplasia depend on the localization of the area(s) involved and the time the disturbance or developmental arrest occurs [ 26 ] . van A complete developmental arrest of the forebrain affects the development of the craniofacial skeleton and is usually incompatible with life.…”

Section: Van Der Meulen Classifi Cationmentioning

confidence: 99%