A Morphologic and Histochemical Analysis of the Human Jejunal Epithelium in Nontropical Sprue

Padykula, Helen A.; Strauss, Elias; Ladman, Aaron J.; Gardner, Frank H.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(61)80047-4

Cited by 287 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…steadily disappears so that by the time the cells reach the surface little remains. This correlates well with the observation by Padykula, Strauss, Ladman, and Gardner (1961) that basophilia is prominent in the crypts but becomes less as the cells ascend the villi of the small intestine, since basophilia is predominantly due to the presence of ribonucleic acid. Some of this disappearance of R.N.A.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Ribonucleic acid and protein metabolism in the gut: Part I Observations in gastro-intestinal cells with rapid turnover

Shorter¹,

Creamer²

1962

Gut

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(Zalokar, 1959;Goldstein and Micou, 1959; CarG and Forro, 1961).Protein is manufactured for the structure of cells and also for enzymes which are required for cell function or secretion. Both these requirements for protein are in great demand in the gut. Most of the gastrointestinal epithelial cells are being replaced at an extremely fast rate for which protein synthesis is clearly necessary. Certain groups of epithelial cells, i.e., those in the body of the stomach, in Brunner's glands of the duodenum, and in the pancreas, do not participate in this swift turnover but secrete large amounts of enzymes and electrolytes. However, these functions overlap to a considerable extent, for the epithelium of the small intestine is not only being actively replaced but also forms large amounts of enzymes. This paper presents evidence on the site and intensity of R.N.A. and protein metabolism in those epithelial cells of the gut with a fast turnover. Similar studies of R.N.A. and protein metabolism in the fixed secretory cells will be considered in a separate communication. The observations have been made on mice after the injection of tritiumlabelled uridine and tritium-labelled methionine using autoradiography to follow their concentration and movement. Uridine is incorporated into R.N.A. and methionine is an essential amino-acid which is commonly present in proteins. It has been assumed that the local irradiation from these substances has no effect on the normal metabolic processes

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Ribonucleic acid and protein metabolism in the gut: Part I Observations in gastro-intestinal cells with rapid turnover

Shorter¹,

Creamer²

1962

Gut

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“…Padykula et al (1961) reported an increased mitotic index in coeliac disease, an observation confirmed by Yardley, Bayless, Norton, and Hendrix (1962). On the other hand Creamer (1962) found a low mitotic index in the crypts of coeliac disease compared with normal crypts, and in one patient demonstrated a slower cell migration rate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

“…It was soon confirmed (Bertalanffy and Nagy, 1961) that the rapid epithelial turnover already recognized in animals also occurred in the normal human small bowel. Despite early indications that a severe disturbance of mucosal dynamics was present in coeliac disease (Padykula, Strauss, Ladman, and Gardner, 1961), progress in characterizing this important aspect has been haltingly slow.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell kinetics in flat (avillous) mucosa of the human small intestine

Wright¹,

Watson²,

Morley³

et al. 1973

Gut

124

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SUMMARY A new method for the analysis of small-intestinal crypt-cell kinetics using routine peroral diagnostic biopsies is described. Untreated patients with childhood and adult coeliac disease and adults with the gluten-sensitive enteropathy of dermatitis herpetiformis were studied, together with groups of adult and childhood controls. In the classical flat avillous mucosae the increase in crypt size was found to be three-dimensional. The number of proliferating cells per crypt was shown to be markedly increased, and an even greater rise in the crypt-cell production rate was demonstrated. A significant increase in the mitotic index was also confirmed in the avillous mucosae.

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“…gluten). Electron micrographs of coeliac mucosa (Padykula, Strauss, Ladman & Gardner, 1961;Riecken et al, 1966;Rubin, Ross, Sleisenger & Weser, 1966;Shiner, 1967) show prominent, often enlarged and irregularly shaped lysosome-like structures favouring the second hypothesis.…”

Section: Lysosomal Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme Activities and Properties of Lysosomes and Brush Borders in Jejunal Biopsies from Control Subjects and Patients with Coeliac Disease

1975

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1. Reduced activities of four enzymes from brush borders were found in intestianl biopsies from patients with untreated coeliac disease. The activities returned towards control values after treatment by gluten withdrawal. Parallel changes were noted for the cytosol enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. 2. Measurement of brush-border integrity by differential centrifugation of biopsy extracts indicated increased fragility of the brush borders in biopsies from untreated patients. Normal values were obtained for biopsies from treated patients. 3. Increased activites of six acid hydrolases (lysosomal enzymes) were found in biopsies from untreated coeliac patients. Normal values were obtained for biopsies from treated patients. 4. Assement of lysosomal integrity by assay of latent N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and of sedimentable activity of four acid hydrolases demonstrated increased lysosomal fragility in untreated coeliac mucosa. These lysosomal changes return to within the normal range after treatment by gluten withdrawal. 5. The lysosomal changes are consistent with their having a pathogenic role in the enterocyte damage of coeliac disease. Possible mechanisms for the lysosomal changes are discussed.

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A Morphologic and Histochemical Analysis of the Human Jejunal Epithelium in Nontropical Sprue

Cited by 287 publications

References 30 publications

Ribonucleic acid and protein metabolism in the gut: Part I Observations in gastro-intestinal cells with rapid turnover

Ribonucleic acid and protein metabolism in the gut: Part I Observations in gastro-intestinal cells with rapid turnover

Cell kinetics in flat (avillous) mucosa of the human small intestine

Enzyme Activities and Properties of Lysosomes and Brush Borders in Jejunal Biopsies from Control Subjects and Patients with Coeliac Disease

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