A morphologically distinct granule cell type in the dentate gyrus of the red fox correlates with adult hippocampal neurogenesis

Amrein, Irmgard; Slomianka, Lutz

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.02.075

Cited by 41 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The red fox has surprisingly large numbers of DCX-expressing cells but shows only very moderate proliferative activity in the dentate gyrus 61 . The authors of this study concluded 61 that in this species, the immature -that is, excitable -phase of adult neurogenesis is particularly long, leading to large numbers of DCX-expressing cells (BOX 3).…”

Section: Box 2 | How To Assess Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

New neurons for 'survival of the fittest'

2012

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Adult neurogenesis is often considered an archaic trait that has undergone a 'phylogenetic reduction' from amphibian ancestors to humans. However, adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus might actually be a late-evolved trait. In non-mammals, adult hippocampal neurogenesis is not restricted to the equivalents of the dentate gyrus, which also show different connectivity and functionality compared to their mammalian counterpart. Moving actively in a changing world and dealing with novelty and complexity regulate adult neurogenesis. New neurons might thus provide the cognitive adaptability to conquer ecological niches rich with challenging stimuli.

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Section: Box 2 | How To Assess Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

New neurons for 'survival of the fittest'

2012

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“…For example, in red foxes Amrein and Slomianka [2010] report a correlation coefficient of r = 0.80 (n = 7), while the correlation coefficient in mice as shown by Ben Abdallah et al [2010] is r = 0.98 (correlated means of 6 age classes).…”

Section: Variable Expression Of Markers For Juvenile Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Neurogenesis in Mammals: Variations and Confusions

Lipp

Bonfanti

2016

Brain Behav Evol

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Mammalian adult neurogenesis has remained enigmatic. Two lines of research have emerged. One focuses on a potential repair mechanism in the human brain. The other aims at elucidating its functional role in the hippocampal formation, chiefly in cognitive processes; however, thus far it has been unsuccessful. Here, we try to recognize the sources of errors and conceptual confusion in comparative studies and neurobehavioral approaches with a focus on mice. Evolutionarily, mammalian adult neurogenesis appears as protracted juvenile neurogenesis originating from precursor cells in the secondary proliferation zones, from where newly formed cells migrate to target regions in the forebrain. This late developmental process is downregulated differentially in various brain structures depending on species and age. Adult neurogenesis declines substantially during early adulthood and persists at low levels into senescence. Short-lasting episodes in proliferation or reduction of adult neurogenesis may reflect a multitude of factors, and have been studied chiefly in mice and rats. Comparative studies face both species-specific variations in staining and technical abilities of laboratories, lacking quantification of important reference measures (e.g. granule cell number) and evaluation of maturational markers whose persistence might be functionally more relevant than proliferation rates. Likewise, the confusion about the functional role of variations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis has many causes. Prominent is an inferential statistical approach, usually with low statistical power. Interpretation is complicated by multiple theories about hippocampal function, often unrealistically extrapolating from humans to rodents. We believe that the field of mammalian adult neurogenesis needs more critical thinking, more sophisticated hypotheses, better statistical, technical and behavioral approaches, and a broader conceptual perspective incorporating comparative aspects rather than neglecting them.

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“…The optical fractionator is a state-of-the-art stereological method to estimate the total number of neurons and has been widely used in a range of brain areas in a variety of species [Amrein and Slomianka, 2010;Gatome et al, 2010a, b;Bhagwandin et al, 2011;Kern et al, 2011]. However, this method has only recently been used to measure the total number and topographic distribution of neurons in retinal wholemounts of tyrant flycatchers [Coimbra et al, 2009] and hydrophiid sea snakes [Hart et al, 2012].…”

Section: Stereological Assessment Of Total Number and Topographic Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Ganglion Cell Topography and Spatial Resolving Power in Penguins

et al. 2012

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Penguins are a group of flightless seabirds that exhibit numerous morphological, behavioral and ecological adaptations to their amphibious lifestyle, but little is known about the topographic organization of neurons in their retinas. In this study, we used retinal wholemounts and stereological methods to estimate the total number and topographic distribution of retinal ganglion cells in addition to an anatomical estimate of spatial resolving power in two species of penguins: the little penguin, Eudyptula minor, and the king penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus. The total number of ganglion cells per retina was approximately 1,200,000 in the little penguin and 1,110,000 in the king penguin. The topographic distribution of retinal ganglion cells in both species revealed the presence of a prominent horizontal visual streak with steeper gradients in the little penguin. The little penguin retinas showed ganglion cell density peaks of 21,867 cells/mm², affording spatial resolution in water of 17.07–17.46 cycles/degree (12.81–13.09 cycles/degree in air). In contrast, the king penguin showed a relatively lower peak density of ganglion cells of 14,222 cells/mm², but – due to its larger eye – slightly higher spatial resolution in water of 20.40 cycles/degree (15.30 cycles/degree in air). In addition, we mapped the distribution of giant ganglion cells in both penguin species using Nissl-stained wholemounts. In both species, topographic mapping of this cell type revealed the presence of an area gigantocellularis with a concentric organization of isodensity contours showing a peak in the far temporal retina of approximately 70 cells/mm² in the little penguin and 39 cells/mm² in the king penguin. Giant ganglion cell densities gradually fall towards the outermost isodensity contours revealing the presence of a vertically organized streak. In the little penguin, we confirmed our cytological characterization of giant ganglion cells using immunohistochemistry for microtubule-associated protein 2. This suite of retinal specializations, which is also observed in the closely related procellariiform seabirds, affords the eyes of the little and king penguins panoramic surveillance of the horizon and motion detection in the frontal visual field.

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A morphologically distinct granule cell type in the dentate gyrus of the red fox correlates with adult hippocampal neurogenesis

Cited by 41 publications

References 70 publications

New neurons for 'survival of the fittest'

New neurons for 'survival of the fittest'

Adult Neurogenesis in Mammals: Variations and Confusions

Retinal Ganglion Cell Topography and Spatial Resolving Power in Penguins

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