A Morphometric Method to Assist in Defining the South American Origins of Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Established in New Zealand

Phillips, C.B.; Baird, David

doi:10.1080/09583159650039386

Cited by 16 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Additional markers are required both to verify these morphometric results and to improve the resolution of the discriminatory methods. Iline et al (2002) made a preliminary assessment of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) variation between South American geographic populations of M. hyperodae and found variation that appeared consistent with previously observed morphological variation (Phillips & Baird, 1996). This contribution completes the assessment of M. hyperodae MDH variation and also surveys variation in calcium binding proteins, general proteins and 15 additional enzyme systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…This approach was based on the assumption that each South American population was adapted to different conditions and those best suited to each New Zealand release location would become prevalent there. The first exception comprised parasitoids from Mendoza in Argentina which were released in smaller numbers than other populations because they were descended from only one founding female (Phillips & Baird, 1996). The second involved the Wairarapa region of New Zealand where replicated, equal sized, but spatially separated releases of the east of the Andes and west of the Andes populations ( fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of the latter factor has been facilitated by identification of the east coast of South America, near the River Plate, as the likely origin of New Zealand's L. bonariensis (Lenney Williams et al, 1994). Phillips & Baird (1996) developed a morphometric method of classifying parasitoids of unknown origins to one of three population groups: west of Andes (Chile), within the Argentinean Andes at San Carlos de Bariloche, or east of the Andes (Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil) ( fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allozyme markers to help define the South American origins of Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) established in New Zealand for biological control of Argentine stem weevil

Iline¹,

Phillips²

2004

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The thelytokous parasitoid, Microctonus hyperodae Loan, was collected from eight South American locations and introduced to New Zealand in 1991 for biological control of Argentine stem weevil, Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Parasitoids from each population were released in equal numbers at each New Zealand site to give them the same opportunities to establish. Population markers have been sought to identify the South American geographic populations that have become most successful in New Zealand. These would assist in determining the importance of concepts such as climate matching and host-parasitoid coevolution to the establishment of natural enemies in new regions for biological control. Vertical polyacrylamide electrophoresis was used to survey 16 enzymes and ten calcium binding proteins, and this paper reports variation at three putative loci. Malate dehydrogenase, a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase isozyme and a calcium binding protein exhibited clear genetic variation, each with two alleles. All M. hyperodae isofemale lines from east of the Andes mountains shared one genotype, all but one from west of the Andes shared another, while a population from within the Andes contained both genotypes. This variation was highly congruent with previously described morphometric variation. At two loci, the maintenance of heterozygotes, and the absence of homozygotes, within isofemale lines suggested M. hyperodae thelytoky is apomictic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allozyme markers to help define the South American origins of Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) established in New Zealand for biological control of Argentine stem weevil

Iline¹,

Phillips²

2004

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…The existence of such genetic variatio n has also been indicate d by at least two previous studies. Using parasitoids from the same geographi c population s as those studied here, Phillips & Baird (1996) showed that there was signi® cant morphologica l variation between M. hyperodae adults collected from east and west of the Andes. Using molecular methods, Winder et al (1997) demonstrated nucleotide sequence diVerences between parasitoids derived from La Serena and Colonia (Figure 1).…”

Section: Geographic Variation In the Relationshi P Between Egg Load Amentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Work is underway to develop markers for M. hyperodae geographi c population s and parthenogeneti c lineages using morphometric (e.g. Phillips & Baird, 1996) and molecular (e.g. Winder et al, 1997) approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic Variation in Egg Load of Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its Implications for Biological Control Success

Phillips¹,

Baird²

2001

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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Eight South American geographi c population s of the parthenogenic, proovigenic, koinobion t parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae : Euphorinae) were introduced to New Zealand to assist management of the pasture pest Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) . Geographic variation in fecundity has been suggested as a reason for the populations ' diVerential successes in establishing in New Zealand. This study investigated whether geographic variation in fecundity was due to corresponding variation in pre-ovipositio n egg load (other possible sources of fecundity variation include searching eYciency, egg survival and female longevity). Variation in egg load accounted for that in fecundity, but also showed that the variation in fecundity was not as great as it had Wrst appeared. Geographic variation in egg load did not explain the pattern of population establishment observed in New Zealand. Egg load was proportiona l to parasitoid size and this relationship was stronger in population s originating from west, rather than east, of the Andes. A new method for making parasitoid eggs visible is described.

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An investigation into the reproductive characteristics ofMicroctonus hyperodae (Hym.: braconidae), a parasitoid ofListronotus bonariensis (Col.: Curculionidae)

et al. 1995

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The reproductive tract of the parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae was found to comprise 6.1 + 0.2 ovarioles containing a total of 40-60 o(Scytes. After oviposition into its host Listronotus bonariensis, the parasitoid's egg volume increased by 205 times prior to hatching. At 19.1 ~ ovipositing M. hyperodae survived for a mean 21 + 4 days and laid a mean of 48 + 8 eggs. M. hyperodae collected from Colonia, Uruguay laid a mean of 62 + 15 eggs which was significantly more than the other ecotypes. Under caging conditions with an ample supply of hosts, M.hyperodae laid 51% of its eggs in the first 72 hours and on average 41% of the species' life-span occurred after the exhaustion of its egg supply. Minimum temperature for M. hyperodae oviposition was found to be c. 5 ~ beyond this the rate of increase in egg-laying was approximately linear until 30 ~ whereafter the rate fell abruptly. There was effectively no egg-laying at 39 ~ The parasitoid showed no preference for one host sex or the other either in the laboratory or under field conditions. Compared to other Microctonus spp., M. hyperodae appeared to show low fecundity and high longevity. The adaptive implications of this are discussed.

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A Morphometric Method to Assist in Defining the South American Origins of Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Established in New Zealand

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Allozyme markers to help define the South American origins of Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) established in New Zealand for biological control of Argentine stem weevil

Allozyme markers to help define the South American origins of Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) established in New Zealand for biological control of Argentine stem weevil

Geographic Variation in Egg Load of Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its Implications for Biological Control Success

An investigation into the reproductive characteristics ofMicroctonus hyperodae (Hym.: braconidae), a parasitoid ofListronotus bonariensis (Col.: Curculionidae)

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