A Mortality Analysis of Employees Engaged in the Manufacture of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Mg, Ott; Holder, Benjamin B.; Olson, Richard D.

doi:10.1097/00043764-198001000-00012

Cited by 89 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Many epidemiologic studies have been conducted and are currently underway to evaluate the chronic effects of these pesticides in occupational groups, such as manufacturers, professional turf applicators, farmers, forestry and railroad workers, Vietnam veterans and others ( Axelson et al, 1980;Ott et al, 1980;Riihimaki et al, 1982;Coggon et al, 1986;Coggon et al, 1991;Hoar et al, 1986;Pearce et al, 1986;Hoar Zahm, 1987;Lynge, 1987;Lynge, 1993;Vineis et al, 1987;Bond et al, 1988;Eriksson et al, 1990;Wigle et al, 1990;Green, 1991;Lerda and Rizzi, 1991;Saracci et al, 1991;Swaen et al, 1992;Bloemen et al, 1993;Bueno de Mesquita et al, 1993;Kogevinas et al, 1993;Kogevinas et al, 1997;Alavanja et al, 1996;Zahm, 1997;Zahm et al, 1990). Although the current weight of epidemiological evidence suggests an association between the use of 2,4 -D and some cancers, a cause -effect relationship has not been established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of models to predict dose of pesticides in professional turf applicators

Harris

Sass-Kortsāk

Corey

et al. 2002

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Epidemiologic studies designed to assess the chronic effects of pesticides are limited by inadequate measurements of exposures. Although cohort studies have been initiated to evaluate the effects of 2,4 -dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2,4 -D ) and other pesticides in professional turf applicators, they may have limited power to detect significant health risks and may be subject to bias from exposure measurement error. In this study, the doses of 2,4 -D, mecoprop [ 2 -( 4 -chloro -2 methylphenoxy ) propionic acid, MCPP ] and dicamba ( 3,6 -dichloro -o -anisic acid ) were evaluated in a group of 98 professional turf applicators from 20 companies across southwestern Ontario. During a 1 -week period ( Saturday to Thursday ), the volume of pesticide ( active ingredient ) applied was only weakly related to the total dose of 2,4 -D absorbed ( R 2 = 0.21 ). Two additional factors explained a large proportion of variation in dose: the type of spray nozzle used and the use of gloves while spraying. Individuals who used a fan -type nozzle had significantly higher doses than those who used a gun -type nozzle. Glove use was associated with significantly lower doses. Job satisfaction and current smoking influenced the dose but were not highly predictive. In the final multiple regression models predicting total absorbed dose of 2,4 -D and mecoprop, approximately 63 -68% of the variation was explained. The future application of these models for epidemiologic research will depend on the availability of information and records from employers, the feasibility of contacting study subjects and cost.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of models to predict dose of pesticides in professional turf applicators

Harris

Sass-Kortsāk

Corey

et al. 2002

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Although Fingerhut's reassessment (49) moderates the degree of association suggested by the four cohort studies (32,122,177,178) and their addendums (31,84,112), the five confirmed cases still represent an excess number. However, three of these five cases did not directly work in manufacturing, and the extent of their exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD is in doubt.…”

Section: The Industrial Cohort Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Three US studies (32,122,178) of workers exposed to a variety of dioxins and phenoxy herbicides in manufactur ing facilities were published in 1980. Two of the studies (32, 178) examined cohorts of workers involved in acute accidental exposures.…”

Section: The Industrial Cohort Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Health Hazards of Pesticide Exposure

Sharp¹,

Eskenazi²,

Harrison³

et al. 1986

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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“…Some work of this type has already been done, although the findings have not been consistent [Ott et al, 1980; Moses et al, 1984; Roan et al, 1984;Marchand et al, 1986; Schwartz et al, 19861.…”

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confidence: 95%

Health effects of pesticides: A review of epidemiologic research from the perspective of developing nations

Shou-Zhen

1987

American J Industrial Med

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Acute poisoning among pesticide applicators is still a prominent health hazard in rural areas in developing countries, but published reports are very rare. Registration analysis and descriptive study are helpful in giving guidance for orientation and evaluation of preventive strategies and measures. Data and material from China show that, in circumstances with a well organized grass-roots-level network of primary health care services, poisoning episodes can be prevented through dissemination of information of hazards and provision of prevention training courses. Among pesticide manufacturing workers, especially manual packers of organophosphorus insecticides, there is suggestive evidence of subacute poisoning resulting from continuous low-level exposure. Chronic delayed neuropathy has, rarely, been reported. Further study of the cause of subacute poisoning now requires analytical rather than descriptive investigations. There is still no solid documentation of an association of excess human cancer and the use of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. Phenoxyacetic and chlorophenol herbicides recently have been widely studied for causation of soft tissue sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's leukemia, and lymphoma. Although the evidence at present indicates a positive association, discrepancies in findings and resultant controversy require further study. Epidemiological surveys on the harmful effect of DBCP are quite instructive. Investigations in exposed populations verified and extended the observation in animals as infertility and gender ratio change in the next generation. Adverse reproductive effects of a number of pesticides, particularly birth defects resulting from pesticides (other than those already documented for organomercurials), require further study.

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A Mortality Analysis of Employees Engaged in the Manufacture of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Cited by 89 publications

References 0 publications

Development of models to predict dose of pesticides in professional turf applicators

Development of models to predict dose of pesticides in professional turf applicators

Delayed Health Hazards of Pesticide Exposure

Health effects of pesticides: A review of epidemiologic research from the perspective of developing nations

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