A motor's rotational angle sensor based on fiber Bragg grating

Cheng, Chih-Hsien; Hung, Sung‐Chen; Liu, Wen‐Fung

doi:10.1002/mop.28359

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…Torrefaction upgrades biomass properties by increasing the energy density, improving storage stability, and making it easier to feed into reactor. 21 With respect to tars from gasification, torrefied biomass was reported to reduce tar formation as a consequence of the partial removal of volatiles during the torrefaction process. 22 Meng et al 23 and Boateng and Mullen 24 compared the product distribution of nontorrefied and torrefied pine chips, hardwood, and switchgrass from fluidized bed pyrolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tars from Fluidized Bed Gasification of Raw and Torrefied Miscanthus x giganteus

Horvat¹,

Kwapińska²,

Xue³

et al. 2016

Energy Fuels

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The current study investigates the effect of temperature, equivalence ratio, and biomass composition on tar yields and composition. Torrefied and raw Miscanthus x giganteus (M×G) were used as biomass feedstocks in an atmospheric bubbling fluidized bed gasifier for experiments undertaken between 660 and 850°C and equivalence ratios from 0.18 to 0.32. Tar was sampled according to the solid phase adsorption method and analyzed by gas chromatography. There is an indication that torrefied M×G produces higher amounts of total GC-detectable tar as well as higher yields of 20 individually quantified tar compounds compared with those of raw M×G. Under similar gasification conditions (800°C and an equivalence ratio of 0.21), the total GC-detectable tar for torrefied M×G is approximately 42% higher than that for raw M×G. Higher tar yields are observed to be related to higher lignin and lower moisture content of torrefied M×G. The effect of temperature on tar yields is in good agreement with the literature. The highest yield of total GC-detectable tar, secondary tars, and tertiary-alkyl tars is observed between 750 and 800°C, followed by a decrease at higher temperature, whereas tertiary-polycyclic aromatics increase with the temperature over the range tested. The effect of equivalence ratio on total GC-detectable tar is not clear because data points vary significantly (up to 47%) over the range of equivalence ratios tested. Temperature is the main driver for tar production and its chemical composition; however, this study indicates that tar yields depend significantly on biomass composition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%