“…It can be seen from the above that, in the low frequency range, Re(o) is almost unity and Im(w) almost zero, which means that the gain is almost unity and the phase shift practically zero at low frequencies. For example, if a reference output ydkT) is of the step type, ydkT) converges to yM(kT) (5). A modification is proposed, however, to make the imaginary part exactly zero at all frequencies if y,(kT) is known a priori.…”