A Multi-Box Behavioural Mixer Model and its Validation using Measurements

Ozgun, Ali; Nesimoğlu, Tayfun; Demır, Şımşek

doi:10.1109/mwsym.2019.8700962

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…4 (c), as predicted by Eqs. ( 14) and (15). The obvious frequency dependence and asymmetry of the IM3 product amplitude indicate prominent memory effects under broad two-tone signal excitation.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Therefore, it is not suitable for intuitive analysis of the characteristics of the IM3 products versus tone spacing. According to [15], the Wiener model approximates the Volterra series. However, the Wiener model cannot intuitively describe the relationship between IM3 product characteristics and tone spacing.…”

Section: Ideal Mixer Am-am Am-pm Memory Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mixer black box models comprise the conversion matrix (CM) [10], scattering-parameter [11], static Xparameter mixer [12,13,14], and multi-box behavioural mixer (MBBM) models [15]. Only MBBM model can characterise the memory effects of the mixers in these models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 shows the structure of the MBBM model. In [15], the amplifier Wiener model [25,26,27,28] was divided into a memory effect block and an AM-AM block at the RF port. A linear filter represents the memory effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A linear filter represents the memory effect. The AM-AM block used a real coefficient polynomial to represent the amplitude nonlinearities [15]. Only a single block representing AM-AM characterisation was used for the local oscillator (LO) port, and the AM-PM block was ignored because of the absence of modulation [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Analysing the characteristics of the memory effects of mixers using two-tone measurements

Zhang

Tong

Gao

et al. 2022

IEICE Electron. Express

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With the development of communication systems, the memory effects of mixers, defined as frequency dependence and asymmetry of intermodulation (IM) products, have become prominent. Conventional mixer models cannot describe the changing characteristics of mixers' memory effects versus tone spacing. Thus, this study aims to analyse the characteristics of mixers' memory effects instead of developing a high-accuracy model to characterise memory effects. IM3 product characteristics are described using simplified generalised frequency-response functions and a multi-box behavioural mixer model. These characteristics show that the lower and upper IM3 products have inverse trends compared to tone spacing, except for frequency dependence and asymmetry.

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Section: mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Ideal Mixer Am-am Am-pm Memory Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Analysing the characteristics of the memory effects of mixers using two-tone measurements

Zhang

Tong

Gao

et al. 2022

IEICE Electron. Express

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A behavioral model for the linear variable gain amplifier

Li,

Jin,

et al. 2024

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In this paper, a behavioral model for the variable gain amplifiers working in the liner region is proposed. An iterative least‐square algorithm for complex curve fitting is proposed to model the variable gain amplifiers as an infinite impulse response filter. The polynomial fittings are used to obtain the coefficient matrix for the gain response and phase response to the frequency at different control voltages. The relationship between gain and control voltage is fitted by a hyperbolic tangent function. The modeling flow is given in this paper. Comparing the frequency response of the behavioral model and circuit model, the simulation results are similar at the operating frequency. Finally, an application is given, which is used to compare the effect of the nonlinear phase system with two different band signals modulated by 4QAM. This application proves that the model can be used in the simulation of large‐scale systems.

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Novel two-tone measurement of the nonlinearity and memory effects of mixers in different amplitude regions of large carrier signals

Zhang

Tong

Gao

et al. 2021

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The conventional two-tone test method cannot measure the amplitude and phase of IM3 products under different operating conditions. The nonlinearity and memory effects of mixers under different operating conditions have not been characterized in existing research. This paper presents a new two-tone measurement method for characterizing the nonlinearity and memory effects of mixers under the excitation of large carrier signals of different amplitudes. This new test method differs from the conventional two-tone test in that the two-tone test signal is superimposed on a large carrier signal. The role of the large carrier signal is to excite mixers into different operating conditions. The amplitude and phase of the IM3 product of the mixer could be measured to characterize the nonlinearity and memory effects under different operating conditions using this method. This novel method is based on a vector network analyzer (VNA) and signal generator (SG). Compared with the conventional method of only using a spectrum analyzer and SG, the VNA can remove the system error through a calibration algorithm to ensure the accuracy of the IM3 product measurement results. The measurement results, for the first time, demonstrated the nonlinearity and memory effects of mixers in different amplitude regions of a large carrier signal. These findings are advantageous and can facilitate further research to simplify the digital pre-distortion model of mixers under different operating conditions.

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A Multi-Box Behavioural Mixer Model and its Validation using Measurements

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Analysing the characteristics of the memory effects of mixers using two-tone measurements

Analysing the characteristics of the memory effects of mixers using two-tone measurements

A behavioral model for the linear variable gain amplifier

Novel two-tone measurement of the nonlinearity and memory effects of mixers in different amplitude regions of large carrier signals

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