A multi-constraint learning path recommendation algorithm based on knowledge map

Current and future of technologies and services in smart e-learning

“…Smart e-learning refers to a new paradigm of online education informatization, based on educational data, to integrate modern education theory with supporting technologies to achieve In smart e-learning, descriptive analytics aims to describe, summarize, and analyse historical and educational data and carry out typical tasks that include e-learner profiling [2] and KG construction [5]. Diagnostic analytics is to identify causes of learning trends and outcomes of e-learners, while continuous analytics is to monitor the status of e-learners and resource utilization, decide, and act autonomously or semi-autonomously.…”

“…KG construction KG is a kind of domain-specific ontology [5] that is an explicit, formal specification of a shared conceptualization. KG construction process is based on the original educational resources and a series of automatic or semiautomatic data mining techniques that are used to extract the semantic or cognitive relationships between knowledge topics and elements.…”

“…Learning path generation Learning path recommendation is to plan a path composed of cognitive relationships based on the learners' prior knowledge and learning goals [5]. The core problem is how to automatically generate efficient learning paths.…”

Exploiting Cognitive Structure for Adaptive Learning

“…Chen et al [6] and Tang et al [33] used the transition matrix in MDP to model the evolution of knowledge level and used reinforcement learning algorithm to evaluate the impact of learning items on knowledge level. Meanwhile, works of the other branch focused on employing the knowledge structure to make a recommendation, for example, Zhu et al [41] made several path generation rules on knowledge structure by expertise and Yu et al [38] put up a method using semantic inference on ontology to generate learning paths. Previous methods only consider either the importance of knowledge level or knowledge structure without the combination of these two parts.…”

“…genetic epistemology [26]), meanwhile the knowledge structure captures the cognitive relations among the learning items. However, existing methods for adaptive learning only utilize either knowledge level [33,40] or knowledge structure [38,41]. Although these methods have made a great success in adaptive learning, there are some limitations of them.…”