A Multi-Fidelity Framework for Wildland Fire Behavior Simulations over Complex Terrain

Vanella, Marcos; McGrattan, Kevin B.; McDermott, Randall J.; Forney, Glenn P.; Mell, William E.; Gissi, Emanuele; Fiorucci, Paolo

doi:10.3390/atmos12020273

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…WFDS offers three models for simulation of wildland fires, including (1) particle mode, (2) boundary fuel model, and (3) level set method. The Particle Mode and the Boundary Fuel Model rely on physical principles and may employ grid resolutions as fine as 1 m in their basic implementations (Vanella et al 2021). They require the thermo-physical parameters of the vegetative fuels whilst they calculate the fire rate of spread (RoS).…”

Section: Wfds Level-set Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, the propagation of the fire front in surface wildfires is modelled based on empirical principles only in the Level Set Method. A model for vegetation deterioration is not included, and the no-wind no-slope fire rate of spread (RoS0 ) for various kinds of vegetation and wind speeds must be set (Vanella et al, 2021). Variations in the way wind and fire interactions are modelled allow for more than one version of this method.…”

Section: Wfds Level-set Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the effect of one-way and two-way fire-wind coupling on the modelling of wildland fire propagation dynamics

Sadrabadi¹,

Innocente²,

Gkanas³

et al. 2022

Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022

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Operational wildland fire propagation models typically are uncoupled from the wind field or rely solely on estimations from an atmospheric model and/or meteorological observations. This leads to a frozen wind field with a high degree of uncertainty, and therefore to results drifting from the ground truth. On the other hand, a fully-coupled model is not viable for operational use due to the enormous computing effort required. This article proposes the use of real-time measurements from a drone swarm to enhance the results of a one-way coupled physics-based model (FireProM-F) to mimic the two-way coupling of fire and atmosphere. In the absence of actual measurements, synthetic data is used at the early stages of this research. The latter is generated using the WFDS levelset model with two-way fire-atmosphere coupling at various phases of the fire. Finally, the 'measured' wind field will be integrated into the target model to determine its effect on the outcomes.

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Section: Wfds Level-set Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wfds Level-set Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the effect of one-way and two-way fire-wind coupling on the modelling of wildland fire propagation dynamics

Sadrabadi¹,

Innocente²,

Gkanas³

et al. 2022

Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022

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“…The collapse of the fuel bed after the fire passage is not taken into account. All the parameter values are found in Vanella et al (2021).…”

Section: Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mell et al 2009, Perez-Ramirez et al 2017, Morandini et al 2019, Terrei et al 2019 or grass fires on 200 × 200 m zones (Mell et al 2007). Some limited use has been made of WFDS and FDS at a larger scale (Vanella et al 2021) but so far, using real input data from historical past fires has not been attempted. The sensitivity of model predictions for the heat release rate on grid resolution could not be tested against experiments in cases presenting full fire environment complexity.…”

Section: Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD modelling of WUI fire behaviour in historical fire cases according to different fuel management scenarios

Ganteaume

Guillaume²,

Girardin³

et al. 2023

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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Background. In most wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires, damage to buildings results from poor surrounding vegetation management. No simulation had been conducted yet on historical WUI fires with Computational Fluid Dynamics modelling. Aims. It was interesting to check the feasibility of this modelling in simulating past fire cases for different scenarios of vegetation management and fire propagation. Methods. We studied three cases of WUI dwellings surrounded by gardens (subject to French regulations on fuel reduction) adjacent to forest affected by a past fire. The 3D fire propagation was assessed using the Fire Dynamic Simulator model (FDS) and taking into account accurate fire environment (fine vegetation distribution, terrain, etc.). Key results. Results showed that, in the current model state, brush-clearing mitigated fire intensity and propagation and damage to ornamental vegetation. However, it sometimes highlighted that this measure could be strengthened when the effects of topography and wind were combined. Conclusions. FDS modelling at the WUI scale using accurate vegetation distribution proved to be functionally satisfactory, exhibiting realistic fire behaviour. Implications. Once validated, this modelling will ultimately help to assess when fuel reduction is efficient in fire mitigation and to pinpoint possible limitations.

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“…Such interactions are crucial in extreme fire behaviour [4,5]. For example, many extreme fires are due to the interaction of the fire front with the environmental conditions found in a mountainous landscape, which can increase the rate of propagation of the fire front [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Atmospheric Environment Associated with a Wind-Driven Fire Event in Portugal

et al. 2022

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Increased knowledge of the meteorological conditions that lead to mega-fires is important to prevent wildfires and improve firefighting. This study analyses the atmospheric conditions that led to the largest forest fire ever observed in Portugal in 2019. The fire burned an estimated total area of around 9000 hectares in 12 h. The study is based on two simulations performed with the Meso-NH atmospheric model. The control simulation was configured in a single and large domain with 2500 m resolution, whereas a second simulation was configured using the grid nesting technique with an inner domain with 500 m resolution. The fire developed under typical summer conditions, under the influence of the Azores anticyclone and the presence of the Iberian thermal low. The weather pattern included intense northwest winds in the western region of the Iberian Peninsula. In the fire area, the wind speed was around 7 m s−1 with maximum wind gusts of 15 m s−1, favouring the rapid spread of the fire and characterising the event as a wind-driven fire. This study demonstrates the benefits of the use of large domains and high-resolution numerical simulations to explore the regional and local effects, which are crucial for the evolution of some fires.

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A Multi-Fidelity Framework for Wildland Fire Behavior Simulations over Complex Terrain

Cited by 15 publications

References 55 publications

Comparison of the effect of one-way and two-way fire-wind coupling on the modelling of wildland fire propagation dynamics

Comparison of the effect of one-way and two-way fire-wind coupling on the modelling of wildland fire propagation dynamics

CFD modelling of WUI fire behaviour in historical fire cases according to different fuel management scenarios

Modelling the Atmospheric Environment Associated with a Wind-Driven Fire Event in Portugal

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