A Multi-Functional Reconfigurable Metasurface: Electromagnetic Design Accounting for Fabrication Aspects

Analysis and Optimization for Robust Millimeter-Wave Communications

“…IRSs have also shown to be incredibly effective at mm-wave frequency bands and, similarly to relays, can provide alternative paths in NLOS conditions to overcome blockages and increase robustness of mm-wave communications [49,88]. Moreover, IRSs have been recently tested successfully in the 28 GHz band by NTT DOCOMO [89], but research is still at the early stage and ongoing trends include: path loss modelling [81,90], beamforming optimization [91,92], designing and materials [93,94], and AI controllable environments [95,96].…”

The first family of application-specific integrated circuits for programmable metasurfaces

“…Recon gurable metasurfaces have also been demonstrated by incorporating various tunable elements within the metaatom. Electrical tunability has been obtained using varactor diodes 11,12 , complex-impedance integrated-circuit (IC) loading elements [3][4][5][6] , liquid crystals 13 and power ampli ers 14 . Besides electrical tunability, other means of tunability have been demonstrated, such as magnetic 15 and optical 16 tunability.…”

“…2b) by incorporating metasurfaces within base stations, thus improving their adaptive multibeam capabilities. The family of ASICs is a key component in future metasurface-enabled telecommunications systems, where multifunctional performance has been demonstrated by incorporating ASICs onto various metasurfaces [3][4][5][6] . An example of such a metasurface design can be seen in Fig.…”

“…In this design, the meta-atom is de ned as the four-square patches loaded by the ASIC. With the advanced capability of tuning both the amplitude and phase of the re ection coe cient, the example designs were able to perfectly absorb an incident wave up to oblique angles of incidence for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations [3][4][5][6] . This has been further extended by Kossifos et al 3 to absorb both polarizations simultaneously and independently, as shown in Fig.…”

“…These composite materials have gained the interest of many researchers, due to their ability to demonstrate novel functionalities, such as perfect absorption [1][2][3][4][5][6] , anomalous re ection 7-9 , beam shaping 10 , and more.Recon gurable metasurfaces have also been demonstrated by incorporating various tunable elements within the metaatom. Electrical tunability has been obtained using varactor diodes 11,12 , complex-impedance integrated-circuit (IC) loading elements [3][4][5][6] , liquid crystals 13 and power ampli ers 14 . Besides electrical tunability, other means of tunability have been demonstrated, such as magnetic 15 and optical 16 tunability.…”