A multi-gene phylogeny of Chlorophyllum (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota): new species, new combination and infrageneric classification

Ge, Zai-Wei; Jacobs, Adriaana; Vellinga, Else C.; Sysouphanthong, Phongeun; Walt, Retha van der; Lavorato, Carmine; An, Yi-Feng; Yang, Zhu L.

doi:10.3897/mycokeys.32.23831

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Ge & A. Jacobs and C. africanum Z.W. Ge & A. Jacobs, were described based on morphology and DNA sequences of the ITS, partial LSU, the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) sequences (Ge et al 2018). The jacaranda stinkhorn (Itajahya galericulata Möller) in Pretoria was also typed phylogenetically (Marincowitz et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A first checklist of macrofungi for South Africa

Kinge¹,

Goldman²,

Jacobs³

et al. 2020

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Macrofungi are considered as organisms that form large fruiting bodies above or below the ground that are visible without the aid of a microscope. These fungi include most basidiomycetes and a small number of ascomycetes. Macrofungi have different ecological roles and uses, where some are edible, medicinal, poisonous, decomposers, saprotrophs, predators and pathogens, and they are often used for innovative biotechnological, medicinal and ecological applications. However, comprehensive checklists, and compilations on the diversity and distribution of mushrooms are lacking for South Africa, which makes regulation, conservation and inclusion in national biodiversity initiatives difficult. In this review, we compiled a checklist of macrofungi for the first time (excluding lichens). Data were compiled based on available literature in journals, books and fungorium records from the National Collection of Fungi. Even if the list is not complete due to numerous unreported species present in South Africa, it still represents an overview of the current knowledge of the macromycetes of South Africa. The list of names enables the assessment of gaps in collections and knowledge on the fungal biodiversity of South Africa, and downstream applications such as defining residency status of species. It provides a foundation for new names to be added in future towards developing a list that will be as complete as possible, and that can be used by a wide audience including scientists, authorities and the public.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A first checklist of macrofungi for South Africa

Kinge¹,

Goldman²,

Jacobs³

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, we first examined the integrity and availability of nucleic acid sequences of Chlorophyllum before designing the specific C. molybdites LAMP primer. According to the literature, there are about 20 species of Chlorophyllum recorded in the world (Vellinga, 2002;Ge et al, 2018). We searched the ITS sequences of these species through NCBI, and all the species were successfully searched.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and Visual Identification of Chlorophyllum molybdites With Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method

et al. 2021

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Chlorophyllum molybdites is a kind of common poisonous mushroom in China that is widely distributed in different areas. Food poisoning caused by accidentally eating C. molybdites has become more frequent in recent years. In 2019, there were 55 food poisoning incidents caused by eating this mushroom in China. Mushroom poisoning continues to be a common health issue of global concern. When mushroom poisoning occurs, an effective, simple, and rapid detection method is required for accurate clinical treatment or forensic analysis. For the first time, we established a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the visual detection of C. molybdites. A set of specific LAMP primers was designed, and the specificity was confirmed against 43 different mushroom species. The LAMP method could detect as low as 1 pg of genomic DNA. Boiled mushrooms and artificial gastric-digested mushroom samples were prepared to test the applicability of the method, and the results showed that as low as 1% C. molybdites in boiled and digested samples could be successfully detected. The LAMP method can also be completed within 45 min, and the reaction results could be directly observed based on a color change under daylight by the naked eye. Therefore, the LAMP assay established in this study provides an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and low-cost method for the detection of C. molybdites.

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“…In natural nests, the favoured species are probably of Leucocoprinus and Leucoagaricus lineage (genera of the Lepiotacea) where fruit‐bodies possess free gills and basidiospores with germ pores. DNA analyses show that C. rhacodes is more closely related to the Leucoagaricus clade than the species type of its former genus, Macrolepiota , hence, the reclassification as Chlorophyllum rhacodes (Ge et al, ; Vellinga, de Kok, & Bruns, ). As the taxonomic status of the attine‐farmed fungus (or fungi) is still doubtful, the generic name Attamyces has been contrived to suggest a comparable domesticated lifestyle with that of the termite associates Termitomyces (Cherrett, Powell, & Stradling, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discussion of development processes in insect‐fungus association derived from the shaggy parasol fruiting on the nests of hairy wood ants

Fraser

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Chlorophyllum rhacodes, typically regarded as a rich grassland or open forest “mushroom” species, was found fruiting abundantly on nests of Formica lugubris, occurring in a Pinus silvestris plantation. Fruiting was absent from the rest of the woodland.Research focussed on the activities in the nests that could explain this. Within nests, there was a spatial relationship between C. rhacodes mycelium, insect cadavers, fruitbody initiation, and roots of adjacent trees.In vitro experiments found that C. rhacodes was not mycorrhizal with P. silvestris, but that it had qualities which rendered it suitable for colonization of the rhizosphere in the conditions of the nest mound and for further niche development.Implications of the unusual presence of fruit‐bodies and the distribution of associated hyphae are discussed in relation to the nutritional biology (and recent taxonomical reassignment) of the fungus. This includes reference to the relevant physiology of insects and to the accepted evolution of mutualistic symbioses between fungi and the Attini and Termitidae.An argument is presented that the situation observed in vivo provides evidence of a degree of facultative association and what could be tangible support for the theory for the developmental origin of mutualistic fungus cultivation by insects. It is presented as a context for continued experimental research.

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A multi-gene phylogeny of Chlorophyllum (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota): new species, new combination and infrageneric classification

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

A first checklist of macrofungi for South Africa

A first checklist of macrofungi for South Africa

Rapid and Visual Identification of Chlorophyllum molybdites With Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method

Discussion of development processes in insect‐fungus association derived from the shaggy parasol fruiting on the nests of hairy wood ants

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