A Multi-Kilogram Capacity Calorimeter for Heterogenous Materials

Abstract

A large capacity calorimeter was designed and constructed in order to determine the enthalpies of combustion of kilogram-size samples of municipal solid waste (MSW) in flowing oxygen near atmospheric pressure. The combustion of the organic fraction of the samples was complete to greater than 99.9+%. The percent coefficient of variation (100 X standard deviation/average), % ev.of calibration measurements using microcrystalline cellulose was 0.2%. The % CV of the measurements of the enthalpy of combm.tion of a processed MSW s.ample was 0.4%. The combined systematic errors due to departure from usual design standards and conventional operating procedures is estimated to be less than 0.4% of the calorific value.

Effect of Alcohol Carbon Chain on Enthalpy of Combustion and Ignition Delay Time for Gelled Hypergolic Propellant System

“…Energy of the propellant that it submits to the system is vital for propulsion system. In order to determine the amount of energy delivered by the fuel, its enthalpy of combustion has to be measured [26][27][28]. For fuel that are formulated with the gelling agent consists of two basic compounds, firstly the parent fuel and secondly the gelling agent.…”

“…The gross calorific values of the parent fuel (liquid) with respect to the formulated gel and metalized gel propellant along with thickening agent are considered using Oxygen 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 Bomb Calorimeter [26][27][28] and are given in Figures 2 and 3. The results obtained are the average of at least four sets of experiments.…”

“…Propellants are generally characterized based on its thermal energy generated during their combustion for propulsion application. For a safe and better analysis of these formulated propellants, the gross calorific value (GCV) was conducted using "Parr Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter" [26][27][28]. The choice of propellants used was, firstly, liquid alcohol with carbon chain varying from C2 to C7, as a base line value for gel alcohol family.…”

A computer-controlled data acquisition-system for combustion calorimetric experiments

“…As a result, corrections due to carbon monoxide formation, water evaporation, and gas heating can be as high as 1.5%. The combined corrections amount to about a 5.5% change in the enthalpy of combustion obtained from the temperature rise of the calorimeter fluid [6].…”

“…This instrument has been used in heats of combustion studies [3] and in investigations on the fate of chlorine during combustion [4,5]. Details of the design and operation of the multi-kilogram capacity flow calorimeter used in these studies can be found in the publication by Churney and coworkers [6].…”