“…Alam, Gupta, Bindal, Siddiqui, & M. Zaid, 2018;Amraj, Boonrach, & K. Bhumkittipich, 2021;Siregar, Yuwaldi, Tarmizi, & Akhyar, 2023;Roy, Srivastava, & Dixit, 2020;Venkatraman & Khaitan, 2016;Sridevi, Rani, & B. L. Rao, 2019), and integrated approaches combining both capacitor and DG placement (Imran & Kowsalya, 2014;Chege, K. Murage, & K. Kihato, 2018;Jamil, 2023;Kaur & Jain, 2016). Capacitor placement and DG placement studies have employed methods such as genetic algorithms (Siregar et al, 2023), Tabu search (Rugthaicharoencheep et al, 2012), and harmonic search algorithms (Kona & Kollu, 2017), with a strong emphasis on renewable energy solutions. DG placement literature includes hybrid optimization approaches (Muhtazaruddin et al, 2014), particle swarm optimization (Lee et al, 2015), selective particle swarm optimization (Sarfaraz et al, 2016), Local Search Optimization (Kaushal & Tomar, 2017) and improved multi-objective harmony search algorithms (Kona & Kollu, 2017).…”