Learning control enables significant performance improvement for systems by utilizing past data. Typical design methods aim to achieve fast convergence by using prior system knowledge in the form of a parametric model. To ensure that the learning process converges in the presence of model uncertainties, it is essential that robustness is appropriately introduced, which is particularly challenging for multivariable systems. The aim of the present article is to develop an optimization-based design framework for fast and robust learning control for multivariable systems. This is achieved by connecting robust control and nonparametric frequency response function identification, which results in a design approach that enables the synthesis of learning and robustness parameters on a frequency-by-frequency basis. Application to a multivariable benchmark motion system confirms the potential of the developed framework. K E Y W O R D S frequency response methods, learning control, multivariable control systems, robust control, System identification 1 INTRODUCTION Learning control methods can increase the performance of systems by using past operational data. Iterative learning control (ILC), 1,2 repetitive control (RC), 3 and iterative inversion-based control (IIC) 4 have been developed to increase the tracking performance of systems that start each task under identical conditions or that operate continuously in a periodic fashion. 5,6 Examples of high-precision applications whose performance has been enhanced through learning control include nanopositioning devices, 7,8 additive manufacturing machines, 9,10 and industrial printing systems. 11,12 Convergence, usually in terms of signal norms, is an essential aspect of learning and is typically subject to the following requirements. 1,13(§5.1.1) (R1) The learning process converges in a way that is free of poor learning transients and converges relatively fast. (R2) The performance upon convergence is improved. These requirements should hold in the presence of uncertain dynamics and unknown disturbances, 14 since learning control is typically employed to increase the performance in the presence of these unmodeled phenomena. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.