A Multi-parametric Climatological Approach to Study the 2016 Amatrice–Norcia (Central Italy) Earthquake Preparatory Phase

Piscini, Alessandro; Santis, Angelo De; Marchetti, Dedalo; Cianchini, Gianfranco

doi:10.1007/s00024-017-1597-8

Cited by 52 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In the present paper, we surely meet the first two points, leaving the other three points to other papers where a deeper and extended study is performed on a few but different precursors (e.g., [ 35 , 36 ]). We will mention something more about those works in a subsequent section.…”

Section: Main Seismological Diagnostic Toolsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…In each case study, we will consider the SST in the epicentral region about two months around the EQ occurrence, and then we will compare the temperatures with those measured in the same day, at the same time (06:00UT) in the time interval 1979-2008 (2011) for L’Aquila (Emilia) EQ. An anomaly of the physical quantity of concern is defined as a value that exceeds the mean (or median) by two times the standard deviation and persists for at least two days (see also [ 35 ]).…”

Section: Examples Of Thermal Coupling Before L’aquila and Emilia mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results confirm some previous studies on the possible thermal coupling in the two EQ cases (e.g., [ 113 , 116 ]). Central Italy showed an analogous thermal anomaly around 40 days before the recent 24 August 2016 M6 Amatrice EQ: [ 35 ] applied the CAPRI algorithm (CAPRI stands for “Climatological Analysis for seismic PRecursor Identification”) that removes the long-term trend over the whole day by day dataset. This procedure is used mainly to remove a possible “global warming” effect, avoiding to classify as abnormal a more recent year just because of global warming.…”

Section: Examples Of Thermal Coupling Before L’aquila and Emilia mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geosystemics View of Earthquakes

Santis

Abbattista

Alfonsi

et al. 2019

Entropy

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Earthquakes are the most energetic phenomena in the lithosphere: their study and comprehension are greatly worth doing because of the obvious importance for society. Geosystemics intends to study the Earth system as a whole, looking at the possible couplings among the different geo-layers, i.e., from the earth’s interior to the above atmosphere. It uses specific universal tools to integrate different methods that can be applied to multi-parameter data, often taken on different platforms (e.g., ground, marine or satellite observations). Its main objective is to understand the particular phenomenon of interest from a holistic point of view. Central is the use of entropy, together with other physical quantities that will be introduced case by case. In this paper, we will deal with earthquakes, as final part of a long-term chain of processes involving, not only the interaction between different components of the Earth’s interior but also the coupling of the solid earth with the above neutral or ionized atmosphere, and finally culminating with the main rupture along the fault of concern. Particular emphasis will be given to some Italian seismic sequences.

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Section: Main Seismological Diagnostic Toolsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Examples Of Thermal Coupling Before L’aquila and Emilia mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Examples Of Thermal Coupling Before L’aquila and Emilia mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geosystemics View of Earthquakes

Santis

Abbattista

Alfonsi

et al. 2019

Entropy

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“…The effective thermal infrared signal values T tec were achieved using Equation (11). Then, the thermal anomalies were extracted through calculating the offset index K tec according to Equation (13). In fact, K tec is just the embodiment of the k value in the formula (12).…”

Section: Expressions Of the Tectonic Thermal Infrared Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, remote sensing technology has been found to strengthen the monitoring abilities of the Earth's surface at a macroscopic level [5][6][7]. Therefore, these new types of technology have opened up a new era for earthquake monitoring by simultaneously obtaining large amounts of information concerning the dynamic features of the Earth's crust and seismic activities [8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Algorithm for the Characterization of Thermal Infrared Anomalies in Tectonic Activities

et al. 2018

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The monitoring of earthquake events is a very important and challenging task. Remote sensing technology has been found to strengthen the monitoring abilities of the Earth’s surface at a macroscopic scale. Therefore, it has proven to be very helpful in the exploration of some important anomalies, which cannot be seen in a small scope. Previously, thermal infrared (TIR) anomalies have been widely regarded as indications of early warnings for earthquake events. At the present time, some classic algorithms exist, which have been developed to extract TIR anomaly signals before the onset of large earthquakes. In this research study, with the aim of addressing some of the deficiencies of the classic algorithm, which is currently used for noise filtering during the process of extracting tectonic TIR anomalies signals, a novel TTIA (tectonic thermal infrared anomalies) algorithm was proposed to characterize earthquake TIR anomalies using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature dataset (MOD11A2). Then, for the purpose of determining the rule of the TIR anomalies prior to large earthquake events, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China was chosen as the study area. It is known that tectonic movements are very active in the study area, and major earthquakes often occur. The following conclusions were obtained from the experimental results of this study: (1) The TIR anomalies extracted using the proposed TTIA method showed a very obvious spatial distribution characteristic along the tectonic faults, which indicated that the proposed algorithm had distinctive advantages in removing or weakening the disturbances of the atectonic TIR anomalies signals; (2) The seismogenic zone was observed to be a more effective observation scale for assisting in the deeper understanding and investigations of the mid- and short-term seismogenic and crust stress change processes; (3) The movement trace of the centroids of the TIR anomalies on the Tibetan Plateau three years prior to earthquake events contributed to improved judgments of dangerous regions where major earthquakes may occur in the future.

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