“…The experimental results indicate that this algorithm could perform better in some situations. There are several other metaheuristic-based techniques for tackling the path planning problem of UAV, including the particle swarm optimization algorithm [17,18], a metaheuristic-based imitative learning optimization technique [19], the tabu search-based optimization technique [20], and the memetic algorithm based on two levels [21], bat algorithm improved using fruit fly optimization algorithm [22], dynamic group based cooperation algorithm [7], enhanced ant colony optimization [23], grey wolf optimization algorithm [24], immune plasma algorithm based on multi-population [25], improved symbiotic organisms search [26], GWO improved using both the local memory and the fittest's survival principle [27], genetic algorithm [28], reverse glowworm swarm optimization [29], modified honey badger algorithm [30], immune plasma algorithm [31], multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) [32], search and rescue optimization algorithm [33], improved chimp optimization algorithm [2], spider monkey optimization [1], and metaheuristic-based hybrid algorithm [34].…”